Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
193 listings

$0
Nissan LEAF rebates in 10459
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • Price Drop
    $14,999
    fair price
    $288 below market
    • 38,050 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 213 - 219 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Reedman-Toll Nissan of Drexel Hill (96 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Drexel Hill, PA / 96 miles away from Bronx, NY

    Pearl White Tricoat exterior and Black interior. Nav System, Onboard Communications System, Satellite Radio, iPod/MP3 Input, [V02] SV PLUS TECHNOLOGY ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1CP2LC309040
    Stock: ELC309040-H
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-18-2025

  • New Listing
    $15,998
    fair price
    $216 above market
    • 23,129 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 220 - 227 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to NY*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Oxnard, CA / 2,493 miles away from Bronx, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1BP9LC308646
    Stock: 27371141
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $14,599
    fair price
    $873 above market
    • 28,709 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 139 - 146 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to NY*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Colma, CA / 2,574 miles away from Bronx, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1CP3LC306112
    Stock: 27235808
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $14,621
    fair price
    $279 below market
    • 40,962 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 213 - 219 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Ingersoll Auto of Pawling (51 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Pawling, NY / 51 miles away from Bronx, NY

    17" Alloy Wheels, 8-Way Power Driver Seat w/2-Way Lumbar, Active Cruise Control, Auto High-beam Headlights, Auto-Dimming Inside Mirror, Electronic Par...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1CP0LC300630
    Stock: T300630
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • $13,800
    good price
    $310 below market
    • 45,172 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 214 - 220 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Allentown Kia (85 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Allentown, PA / 85 miles away from Bronx, NY

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!2020 Nissan Leaf SV Plus Super Black 4D Hatchback Electric Motor FWD114/94 City/Highway MPG 17" Alloy Wheels, 4-W...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1CP5LC306844
    Stock: K250846A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

  • New Listing
    $16,998
    fair price
    $1,197 above market
    • 31,314 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 212 - 219 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to NY*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in San Jose, CA / 2,554 miles away from Bronx, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1CP4LC302154
    Stock: 26743102
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $12,787
    great price
    $3,111 below market
    • 18,736 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 148 - 157 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Mahwah Honda (22 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Mahwah, NJ / 22 miles away from Bronx, NY

    Recent Arrival!Honda of Mahwah is a premiere New Jersey Honda dealership since 1980. Family owned and operated for 43 years in Bergen county, we proud...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1BV2PC556480
    Stock: 30754
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 31,574 miles
    • Lemon reported, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 146 - 153 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • CarVision Maple Shade (84 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Maple Shade, NJ / 84 miles away from Bronx, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: Yes

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1BV2NC553222
    Stock: 553222BB
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

    • 39,827 miles
    • Lemon reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 146 - 153 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • CarVision Maple Shade (84 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Maple Shade, NJ / 84 miles away from Bronx, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: Yes

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1BV1NC558394
    Stock: 558394BB
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-12-2025

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    Stock photo**
    $15,898
    fair price
    $209 above market
    • 50,181 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 213 - 219 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Acme Nissan (43 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Monmouth Junction, NJ / 43 miles away from Bronx, NY

    Recent Arrival!NISSAN CERTIFIED.Acme Nissan is proud to present you with another True Market Priced Pre-Owned Vehicle. This 2020 Nissan Leaf SL Plus N...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1DP4LC304226
    Stock: 3474A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 20,058 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 138 - 144 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to NY*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in White Marsh, MD / 168 miles away from Bronx, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1CP4LC305096
    Stock: 27150353
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 24,719 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 211 - 218 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to NY*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Littleton, CO / 1,634 miles away from Bronx, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1CP8LC304652
    Stock: 27120494
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 19,621 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 222 - 230 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Nissan of Rockville Centre (18 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Rockville Centre, NY / 18 miles away from Bronx, NY

    Nissan of Rockville Centre is proud to present you with another True Market Priced Pre-Owned Vehicle. This 2022 Nissan Leaf SV Plus Nissan Combined is...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1CV3NC553121
    Stock: RU3321T
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 29,495 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 212 - 219 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,013 miles away from Bronx, NY

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1CP0LC305116
    Stock: 2003762299
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

  • New Listing
    • 7,374 miles
    • 213 - 219 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to NY*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 2,458 miles away from Bronx, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1CP0LC304970
    Stock: 27153815
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 73,711 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 211 - 217 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to NY*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Costa Mesa, CA / 2,444 miles away from Bronx, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1CP3LC304042
    Stock: 26598298
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 70,863 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 74 - 80 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • Newark Auto Sports (15 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Newark, NJ / 15 miles away from Bronx, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ0CP2GC308647
    Stock: 8647
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 41,921 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 139 - 146 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 2,142 miles away from Bronx, NY

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1CP9LC306454
    Stock: 2003740141
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • New Listing
    • 36,966 miles
    • 212 - 218 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to NY*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Santa Rosa, CA / 2,570 miles away from Bronx, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1CP3LC304431
    Stock: 27235385
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 42,642 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 81 - 87 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • Brown-Daub Volvo Cars (74 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Nazareth, PA / 74 miles away from Bronx, NY

    This 2016 Nissan LEAF SL is offered to you for sale by Brown-Daub Volvo Of Lehigh Valley. This Nissan includes: [M93] CARGO NET (PIO) [C03] 50 STATE E...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ0CP3GC309841
    Stock: 5638A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-18-2025

  • New Listing
    • 78,725 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 212 - 218 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,013 miles away from Bronx, NY

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1CP2LC309734
    Stock: 2003692786
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-05-2025

Showing 64 - 84 out of 193 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Nissan LEAF

Read recent reviews for the Nissan LEAF
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars21 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 21 reviews
  • 5 star
    (67%)
  • 4 star
    (24%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
5 out of 5 stars

Fantastic car

Phil Easler , 03/26/2018
2018 Nissan LEAF S 4dr Hatchback (electric DD)
Electric car driver since December 2012. This is my 3rd leased/purchase ev. Great value, I got the quick charged option and heated seats/ steering wheel out the door for $22K. I don’t need to charge it up every day, but when I do the guess o meter ranges from 160 -187 so far. I have owned or lease the vehicle for about 1.5 months and have around 1300 miles on the clock. You will need a … 220/240 charger to get the most out of the vehicle. Charges at 6.6 kwt/ hour ~ 22 miles of charge per hour from a 240 dedicated charger. I have only fast charged it at two Nissan dealerships twice. It put in around 15 kwatts in about 30 mins about 50 miles of driving. Hoping to see 200 miles on the range meter this summer!!
Report abuse

Used 2020 Nissan LEAF in Bronx, NY Values

Estimated values
2020 Nissan LEAF SV PLUS 4dr Hatchback (electric DD) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$12,692$15,043$17,310
Clean$12,270$14,535$16,715
Average$11,567$13,688$15,725
Rough$10,653$12,586$14,437

The average list price of a used 2020 Nissan LEAF in Bronx, New York is $14,964. The average mileage on a used Nissan LEAF 2020 for sale in Bronx, New York is 37,798. Based on the average mileage of 37,798 for used 2020 Nissan LEAF for sale in Bronx, NY and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Nissan LEAF 2020 in Bronx, New York to be $11,567.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.