Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
361 listings
  • $11,997
    good price
    $2,169 below market
    • 115,165 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • South Colorado Motors Platte (303 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Colorado, CO / 303 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E83JG114288
    Stock: L1672
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-13-2025

    • 88,906 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Maxwell Ford Supercenter (415 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 415 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    Excellent Condition, Ford Blue Certified. Limited trim. Heated/Cooled Leather Seats, Sunroof, Navigation, Back-Up Camera, Heated Rear Seat, POWER MOON...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2F87JG143274
    Stock: JG143274
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $14,589
    good price
    • 90,263 miles
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Van Hyundai (314 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Carrollton, TX / 314 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    Recent Arrival!** CRUISE CONTROL **, ** ALLOY WHEELS **, **BLUETOOTH**, **BACK UP CAMERA**, **STREAMING AUDIO**, **PUSH BUTTON START**, Taurus SE, 4D...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2D85JG118666
    Stock: JG118666
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • $17,998
    fair price
    $883 below market
    • 40,041 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Colorado Springs (304 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 304 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E8XJG111839
    Stock: 26498555
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 65,025 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • The Internet Car Lot (476 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Lincoln, NE / 476 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    Please note that this vehicle has a branded title. Check out this very nice 2018 Ford Taurus Limited! This vehicle looks and drives great! It has gre...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2F84JG109728
    Stock: 109728FA71512J
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 117,998 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Jamie Hathcock Auto Group (489 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Springfield, MO / 489 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2F89JG109790
    Stock: P7199
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-14-2024

  • $15,495
    fair price
    • 50,005 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • IMD MOTORS (318 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 318 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    Our great-looking 2017 Ford Taurus SEL Sedan shines brightly in Ingot Silver! Powered by a 3.5 Liter V6 that offers 288hp connected to a 6 Speed Selec...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E82HG103700
    Stock: HG103700
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-14-2025

  • $8,990
    good price
    $1,421 below market
    • 137,360 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Urban Motors Green (364 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Lakewood, CO / 364 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    2017 Ford Taurus SEL. Automatic. Backup Camera. Navigation. AUX/USB Input. Bluetooth. Push Button Start. Sirius XM. Daytime Running Lights. Alloy Whee...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E8XHG137464
    Stock: 20388
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

  • New Listing
    $13,599
    fair price
    $663 above market
    • 101,954 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Oklahoma City (238 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 238 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2D88HG128957
    Stock: 27178521
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $13,444
    fair price
    • 99,600 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • RightDrive Auto (361 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in El Paso, TX / 361 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2D88HG118848
    Stock: 2RD118848TR
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-25-2024

  • $14,000
    fair price
    • 101,030 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Patterson Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (438 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Kilgore, TX / 438 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    Recent Arrival!2017 Ford Taurus SE FWD 6-Speed Automatic with Select-Shift 3.5L 6-Cylinder SMPI Flex Fuel DOHC White Gold Metallic

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2D81HG117847
    Stock: P8137A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 128,244 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 16 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (443 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bryan, TX / 443 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2KT2KG110937
    Stock: KG110937PV
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $10,495
    great price
    • 108,302 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Kam Motor Sales (324 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 324 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E82JG113858
    Stock: 113858
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-13-2025

    • 84,575 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Salvage Reseller West (319 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 319 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    This vehicle is located at San Antonio, TX Copart yard. Join our online auctions to see its final price. All purchases must take place online at www.s...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2F89HG104129
    Stock: 51784855
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

    • 100,648 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 3 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Salvage Reseller West (319 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 319 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    This vehicle is located at Andrews, TX Copart yard. Join our online auctions to see its final price. All purchases must take place online at www.salva...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E87HG111985
    Stock: 55344825
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $19,698
    fair price
    $1,253 below market
    • 15,049 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Lubbers Brothers Ford (274 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Cheney, KS / 274 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    2018 Ford Taurus SE Alloy wheels, Equipment Group 100A, Exterior Parking Camera Rear, Power driver seat, Remote keyless entry, Steering wheel mounted ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2D88JG137468
    Stock: CB31480
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-01-2025

  • $16,495
    good price
    • 51,342 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Griffith Ford Seguin (445 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Seguin, TX / 445 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    Welcome to Griffith Ford Sequin! What a great choice on the 2018FordTaurusSEL. WHITE. This Vehicle gets 27 Highway MPG and 18 City MPG Comfort Manual ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E86JG109862
    Stock: 09862U
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-01-2025

  • $18,000
    good price
    • 34,076 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Peters Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram (439 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Longview, TX / 439 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    CARFAX One-Owner. ** PETERS CERTIFIED PRE-OWNED (4 MONTH / 4,000 MILE LIMITED WARRANTY / 2 COMPLIMENTARY OIL CHANGES, ** CARFAX ONE OWNER, ** BACKUP C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2D86JG119910
    Stock: A7398
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2024

  • New Listing
    $11,950
    fair price
    $1,063 below market
    • 114,911 miles
    • No accidents, 6 owners, rental vehicle
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • High Desert Auto Wholesale (277 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Albuquerque, NM / 277 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2F89JG109692
    Stock: 109692
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • $16,157
    fair price
    $445 below market
    • 59,051 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Brighton Ford (371 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Brighton, CO / 371 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    REARVIEW CAMERA SYST, BLUETOOTH HANDS FREE, CRUISE CONTROL, DUAL FACTORY AIR, HTD MIRRORS, PARKING SENSORS, REMOTE START, SYNC 3, KEYLESS ENTRY, SECUR...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2E80JG132067
    Stock: 14412A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-26-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $19,989
    fair price
    $1,502 below market
    • 43,260 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Metro Ford Independence (481 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Independence, MO / 481 miles away from Amarillo, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FAHP2F85JG138865
    Stock: 250107A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 361 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Taurus

Read recent reviews for the Ford Taurus
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars27 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 27 reviews
  • 5 star
    (70%)
  • 4 star
    (11%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
5 out of 5 stars

Its a Taurus stupid, affordable and reliable!

Mr. Chris, 01/27/2019
2018 Ford Taurus SEL 4dr Sedan (3.5L 6cyl 6A)
It's so nice these Bozos at Edmunds are talking bad about this car, because the price only gets better for me. I have had two Taurus in the past and drove them over 10 years each with no problems, other than replacing a starter after nine years. These Taurus are not expensive Mercedes or BMW's, they are solid reliable quality transportation at a good price. After trading my last Taurus … for a 2015 Ford Fusion SE, it's so nice to have my Taurus back! This 2018 Taurus SEL is the best car I ever drove.. It is solid, safe, with plenty of power, and it will get 28 MPG on the highway all day long with much extra power. The Taurus has plenty of room for long trips, and you won't have to be pulled out by your wife when you get home from work. The FWD Taurus will get you anywhere you have to go with great traction. Forget the "made in Mexico" Fusion, six recalls in four years, no power, and you need a can opener to get in and out just to save 3mpg and that is if you drive it easy. I'm sure the Avalon may have extra fancy features but you are going to pay for them fancy buttons too starting at $38,000 with no discounts. Yes I give the 2018-2019 Taurus five stars and it won't break your bank account paying for it.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Ford Taurus in Amarillo, TX Values

Estimated values
2018 Ford Taurus SEL 4dr Sedan (3.5L 6cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$10,992$13,751$16,022
Clean$10,613$13,267$15,448
Average$9,980$12,461$14,491
Rough$9,158$11,413$13,247

The average list price of a used 2018 Ford Taurus in Amarillo, Texas is $15,020. The average mileage on a used Ford Taurus 2018 for sale in Amarillo, Texas is 83,181. Based on the average mileage of 83,181 for used 2018 Ford Taurus for sale in Amarillo, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford Taurus 2018 in Amarillo, Texas to be $9,980.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.