Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
271 listings
  • $26,995
    fair price
    $171 below market
    • 26,879 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Hyman Bros. Automobiles West Broad (98 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 98 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    - Options: CONVENIENCE PACKAGE, 18 WHEEL PACKAGE, TANGO RED METALLIC, BLACK/ROCK GRAY STITCHING, LEATHER SEATING SURFACES

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (28 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUGUDGY2NA010114
    Stock: H9429
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-04-2025

  • New Listing
    $12,877
    fair price
    $302 below market
    • 83,386 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Sterling Motorcar (90 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ephrata, PA / 90 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUE8GFF6G1117540
    Stock: 117540
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $18,995
    good price
    $472 below market
    • 60,223 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 27 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Ultimate Auto (12 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Temple Hills, MD / 12 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUAUGFF2LA002275
    Stock: 9988P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $11,966
    fair price
    $380 below market
    • 89,109 miles
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Prime Galleria (42 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Stafford, VA / 42 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUB8GFF6G1067144
    Stock: 067144
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $13,998
    fair price
    $213 below market
    • 79,915 miles
    • 3 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to MD*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Oxnard, CA / 2,339 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUA7GFF7G1012720
    Stock: 27371177
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $10,990
    fair price
    $314 below market
    • 109,185 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Masic Motors, Inc (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Harrisburg, PA / 91 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    2016 AUDI A3 2.0T QUATTRO PREMIUM VIN: WAUB8GFF2G1080862 SEDAN 4 DR 2.0L I4 F DOHC 16V GASOLINE ALL WHEEL DRIVE, SERVICED AND INSPECTED, LOOKS AND DRI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUB8GFF2G1080862
    Stock: 080862
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • $14,998
    fair price
    $1,052 above market
    • 73,707 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to MD*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Buena Park, CA / 2,286 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUA7GFFXG1044366
    Stock: 27478978
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $25,998
    fair price
    $281 above market
    • 28,160 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 22 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to MD*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Henderson, NV / 2,077 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUBEGFF7LA095912
    Stock: 27200091
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $26,990
    fair price
    $881 above market
    • 24,823 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 22 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 125 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUBEGFF2LA104192
    Stock: 2003762231
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • $14,599
    fair price
    $218 above market
    • 69,413 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to MD*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Costa Mesa, CA / 2,286 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUA7GFF4G1015428
    Stock: 27317080
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 40,518 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 27 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to MD*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 1,174 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUAUGFF6LA095687
    Stock: 27279119
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 43,471 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 27 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AZ to MD*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Gilbert, AZ / 1,965 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUAUGFF8LA099093
    Stock: 27451932
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 121,018 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Lux Imports (28 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 28 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    *** 1 OWNER *** NAVIGATION *** BACKUP CAMERA *** PUSH START BUTTON *** SUNROOR *** BANG OLUFSEN PREMIUM SOUND POWER ADJUSTABLE LEATHER SEATS *** CD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUB8GFF9G1070698
    Stock: 070698
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • New Listing
    • 14,258 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 22 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 2,297 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUBEGFF8LA032978
    Stock: A5064079-1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 47,272 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,975 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUA7GFF3G1070551
    Stock: 2003821804
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 48,027 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 1,838 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUA7GFF5G1115215
    Stock: 2003799335
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

    • 43,614 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 301 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUA7GFF8G1067015
    Stock: 2003781473
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

    • 99,756 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to MD*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Palmdale, CA / 2,275 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUE8GFF1G1017376
    Stock: 27338900
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 92,340 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to MD*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Duarte, CA / 2,278 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUA7GFFXG1019922
    Stock: 27482892
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 98,883 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OK to MD*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,146 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUA7GFFXG1008824
    Stock: 27178909
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 87,841 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to MD*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Palmdale, CA / 2,275 miles away from Silver Spring, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAUA7GFF1G1063047
    Stock: 26886967
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 85 - 105 out of 271 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Audi A3

Read recent reviews for the Audi A3
Overall Consumer Rating
4.3 out of 5 stars39 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 39 reviews
  • 5 star
    (72%)
  • 4 star
    (3%)
  • 3 star
    (10%)
  • 2 star
    (10%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
5 out of 5 stars

The best damn little car I ever had!

Glenn Tanner, 03/31/2017
2017 Audi A3 2.0 TFSI Premium Plus quattro 4dr Sedan AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 6AM)
If you want to turn heads, a great ride, and affordability, this is the car for you. When I say great ride, I mean great ride. It hugs the road. It's almost as if the car is saying, "Let me show you what I can do". I was on the highway one afternoon, and the engine was purring like a much contented cat, when I glanced at the tach, and it was around 2000rpms. Then, I looked over to the … speedometer, and I doing close to 90mph. It' just that smooth. Of course I slowed down, but jeez! Curves, cake. Passing, let's go. When you get in, you feel pampered, but not overwhelmed. The controls and appointments are laid out in a pleasing and thoughtful manner. Yes, the trunk is small, but are you really going to throw 100 pounds of mulch back there? Didn't think so. I looked at the Mercedes CLA-4 MATIC, and the Cadillac ATS, but neither came close. If you like to drive as much as I do, drive the Audi A3.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Audi A3 in Silver Spring, MD Values

Estimated values
2022 Audi A3 Premium 4dr Sedan AWD w/40 TFSI (2.0L 4cyl Turbo gas/electric mild hybrid 7AM) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$16,324$17,478$18,683
Clean$16,051$17,165$18,328
Average$15,596$16,645$17,737
Rough$15,005$15,969$16,968

The average list price of a used 2022 Audi A3 in Silver Spring, Maryland is $17,883. The average mileage on a used Audi A3 2022 for sale in Silver Spring, Maryland is 65,800. Based on the average mileage of 65,800 for used 2022 Audi A3 for sale in Silver Spring, MD and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Audi A3 2022 in Silver Spring, Maryland to be $15,596.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.