Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
889 listings
  • $13,995
    fair price
    $610 below market
    • 112,642 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Trademark (157 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 157 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    2014 Acura MDX TECH PKG AWD Call 703-361-6882, 1 Owner, Clean Carfax, Blue w Gray Leather, Lane Departure Warning, Navigation System, Front Heated Se...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H4XEB047842
    Stock: AT17646
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $16,495
    fair price
    $692 below market
    • 115,111 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • JDM Auto (127 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 127 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    BUSINESS HOURS: Monday-Friday: 10am-7pm Saturday: 10am-5pm Sundays: CLOSED OPEN MOST HOLIDAYS-CALL OFFICE TO CONFIRM OFFICE: 540-373-5847 OFFICE: 703-...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H92GB027244
    Stock: 00056
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-16-2025

  • $12,995
    fair price
    $503 below market
    • 147,942 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Mazari Motors (126 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 126 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    **CLEAN CARFAX**NO ACCIDENTS HISTORY** SUNROOF**NAV**REARVIEW CAMERA**BLUETOOTH**AUX**ALL WHEEL DRIVE** HEATED SEATS** KEYLESS GO**3RD ROW SEATINGS**K...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H29GB043251
    Stock: 43251
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $14,874
    fair price
    $156 below market
    • 101,919 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Johnson Lexus of Raleigh (144 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 144 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    JUST ARRIVED!! DETAILS COMING SOON!This vehicle is located at Johnson Lexus of Raleigh.Here at Johnson Lexus we price our cars online aggressively ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD3H41EB019325
    Stock: D52685A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 184,559 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Hazzi Auto Sales (193 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Fayetteville, NC / 193 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    Visit Hazzi Auto Sales online at hopemotorsnc.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 9**-4**-5*** today to schedule your test driv...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H99GB006570
    Stock: 1010
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 165,490 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Honda Dulles (171 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 171 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new brakes and all new tires! MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation System3rd Row SeatLa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H84EB010417
    Stock: EB010417
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2025

  • $14,977
    good price
    $1,503 below market
    • 103,613 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Clovis, CA / 2,385 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather Seats,Navigatio...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD3H40GB007475
    Stock: GB007475PLX
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $17,497
    fair price
    $12 below market
    • 96,449 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Waldorf Honda (137 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Waldorf, MD / 137 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H49GB054431
    Stock: HP4344
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $14,999
    fair price
    $126 below market
    • 129,860 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Star Cars (169 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Glen Burnie, MD / 169 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H40GB025142
    Stock: 25142
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $13,995
    fair price
    $132 below market
    • 121,536 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Ottomatic Motors (154 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Durham, NC / 154 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    VISIT OUR WEBSITE TO SEE MORE PHOTOS & THE CARFAX REPORT   WWW.OTTOMATICMOTORS.COMWe challenge anyone to find a dealership that goes as far ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H24EB022837
    Stock: 10860
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $9,899
    good price
    $914 below market
    • 183,961 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Cars of Rockville (171 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Rockville, MD / 171 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H25GB001790
    Stock: 001790
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • $15,988
    good price
    $1,355 below market
    • 140,432 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Sexton Auto Sales (148 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 148 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    Visit Sexton Auto Sales Inc online at www.sextonautosales.net to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 919-873-1800 today to schedule your ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H5XJL006646
    Stock: 8556
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $19,395
    fair price
    $609 above market
    • 72,977 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Heritage Motor Company (13 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Virginia Beach, VA / 13 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    **FREE CARFAX****VA STATE INSPECTED**

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD3H96GB010098
    Stock: 18365
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-11-2024

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $15,460
    fair price
    $340 below market
    • 132,116 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Genesis of South Richmond (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in North Chesterfield, VA / 91 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H95GB029246
    Stock: G20900XB
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-11-2025

  • $10,879
    good price
    $675 below market
    • 164,057 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • EZ Cars (137 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Stafford, VA / 137 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    Terms of Sale Overview:We reserve the right to end this listing at anytime should the vehicle no longer be available for sale and sales prices are sub...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H41EB020108
    Stock: 020108
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $12,499
    good price
    $828 below market
    • 140,533 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Champions Autonation (169 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 169 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H24GB037390
    Stock: CH037390
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $16,998
    fair price
    $138 below market
    • 109,709 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Springfield, IL / 759 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H4XGB049903
    Stock: 26894944
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $16,998
    fair price
    $605 above market
    • 119,719 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from KY to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lexington, KY / 459 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H46GB007437
    Stock: 26873659
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $17,998
    fair price
    $548 below market
    • 91,043 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Palmdale, CA / 2,338 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H45GB011947
    Stock: 27329970
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $18,998
    fair price
    $164 above market
    • 87,273 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Irvine, CA / 2,335 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H43GB015124
    Stock: 27234740
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $16,895
    fair price
    $242 below market
    • 100,393 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • US Auto Sales (183 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Baltimore, MD / 183 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    2016 Acura MDX Technology Package with SH-AWD. Full Loaded. Leather SunRoof Navigation. 3RD Row Seat. Super Clean Low Miles 100k. Finance Availab...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FRYD4H46GB014114
    Stock: 014114
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

Showing 43 - 63 out of 889 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Acura MDX

Read recent reviews for the Acura MDX
Overall Consumer Rating
3.1 out of 5 stars120 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 120 reviews
  • 5 star
    (25%)
  • 4 star
    (21%)
  • 3 star
    (16%)
  • 2 star
    (20%)
  • 1 star
    (18%)
4.25 out of 5 stars

Would Love IT Except...Horrible Transmission

mps_, 07/03/2015
2016 Acura MDX Advance Package 4dr SUV (3.5L 6cyl 9A)
Purchased: 2016 MDX Advance. This is my second MDX (my wife's car) and while I am big fan of the vehicle, Acura made some horrible tweaks to the car. If I were to buy this car again, I would try to find a 2015 model. Pros: The interior is beautiful with great materials. The ride quality is excellent and always gives confidence. Cons: The are 3 man issues with this car 1) The … transmission is truly horrible. I am car guy who has owned many cars and have never experienced such a bad transmission. PLEASE release a software update to fix this 2) The auto-idle is poorly executed and there is no way to permanently turn it off. 3) Infotainment system is dated and the GPS in mediocre
Report abuse

Used 2014 Acura MDX in Chesapeake, VA Values

Estimated values
2014 Acura MDX SH-AWD 4dr SUV AWD w/Technology Package (3.5L 6cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$9,235$12,718$14,885
Clean$8,864$12,150$14,156
Average$8,245$11,204$12,941
Rough$7,441$9,973$11,361

The average list price of a used 2014 Acura MDX in Chesapeake, Virginia is $14,982. The average mileage on a used Acura MDX 2014 for sale in Chesapeake, Virginia is 124,825. Based on the average mileage of 124,825 for used 2014 Acura MDX for sale in Chesapeake, VA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Acura MDX 2014 in Chesapeake, Virginia to be $8,245.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.