Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,385 listings
  • New Listing
    $25,498
    good price
    $1,253 below market
    • 99,558 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hamilton, NJ / 2,091 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Navigation System,Satellite Radio,Sunroof / Moonroof,To...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEBU5JR6F5258652
    Stock: F5258652U
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $19,249
    fair price
    $620 above market
    • 167,373 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Nissan Tempe (14 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Tempe, AZ / 14 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    Convenience PkgSun/MoonroofSpecial Color Exterior PaintCarpeted Floor Mats & Carpeted Cargo MatCargo Cross BarsExhaust TipRear Spoiler50-State ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEBU5JR6D5112605
    Stock: D5112605
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

  • Price Drop
    $30,197
    fair price
    $657 below market
    • 67,254 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • EchoPark Automotive Phoenix (Avondale) (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Avondale, AZ / 33 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEBU5JR9H5428411
    Stock: CH5428411
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • New Listing
    $25,995
    good price
    $1,703 below market
    • 79,639 miles
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lexington, KY / 1,561 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Navigation System,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,Sunroof / Moonroof,Tow Hitch,V6 Cylinder E...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEBU5JR4F5271691
    Stock: F5271691P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $21,900
    fair price
    $162 below market
    • 170,832 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Street Dreams (89 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Prescott, AZ / 89 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    Here at Street Dreams in Prescott Az is this 2015 Toyota 4Runner SR5! Clean Carfax, regular oil changes, and fully loaded! 4.0L V6 Engine, Automatic 5...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEBU5JRXF5257679
    Stock: 257679S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

    • 106,937 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Corpus Christi, TX / 938 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEBU5JR6F5212528
    Stock: F5212528V
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 90,918 miles
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,007 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Premium Sound,Satellite Radio,Sunroof / ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEZU5JR0F5109202
    Stock: F5109202A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $39,998
    fair price
    $629 above market
    • 64,805 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 544 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEBU5JR8F5223837
    Stock: 26349287
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $24,991
    fair price
    $222 above market
    • 116,944 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Boom (18 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Scottsdale, AZ / 18 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    Welcome to Auto Boom of North Scottsdale. We are pleased to present this, 2017 Toyota 4Runner SR5 Silver RWD 5-Speed Automatic with Overdrive 4.0L V6,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEZU5JR2H5149316
    Stock: AB832
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-23-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,899
    fair price
    $642 above market
    • 179,462 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Quebedeaux Buick GMC (93 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 93 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEZU5JR7H5155418
    Stock: Z10619
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-13-2025

  • New Listing
    • 231,502 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Missoula, MT / 941 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Navigation System,Satellite Radio,Sunroof / Moonroof,Tow Hitch,V6 Cylinder...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEBU5JR8F5215981
    Stock: 17976
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 115,568 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 645 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEZU5JR5F5089691
    Stock: 2003763462
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

  • New Listing
    • 32,154 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Asheville, NC / 1,659 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEBU5JR9F5205055
    Stock: 27189853
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 90,576 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from LA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Kenner, LA / 1,282 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEZU5JR9F5101213
    Stock: 26282302
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 86,831 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Myrtle Beach, SC / 1,878 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEZU5JR0F5086472
    Stock: 26839650
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 78,751 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Jackson, TN / 1,308 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEZU5JR0F5096046
    Stock: 26951228
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 59,726 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 872 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEZU5JRXF5091534
    Stock: 27279491
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 77,253 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 544 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEBU5JR5F5257685
    Stock: 27120923
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 79,339 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Quebedeaux Buick GMC (93 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 93 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEBU5JR8H5429825
    Stock: Q10751
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $26,722
    great price
    $3,823 below market
    • 106,659 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Toyota Of Surprise (42 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Surprise, AZ / 42 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEBU5JR3J5603452
    Stock: T16795A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-04-2025

    • 121,486 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Canyon Auto Sales Tucson (90 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 90 miles away from Mesa, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTEBU5JRXF5260405
    Stock: A5727
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

Showing 22 - 42 out of 1,385 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota 4Runner

Read recent reviews for the Toyota 4Runner
Overall Consumer Rating
4.6 out of 5 stars42 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 42 reviews
  • 5 star
    (71%)
  • 4 star
    (19%)
  • 3 star
    (7%)
  • 2 star
    (2%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Sometimes you get what you need.

David, 12/27/2015
2015 Toyota 4Runner Limited 4dr SUV 4WD (4.0L 6cyl 5A)
If you dont live or drive in a rural or wild area, the alot of the virtues of this vehicle may be meaningless to you. I think thats why alot of the magazine reviews call it "old school" body on frame, needs more power, more gears, etc. IMHO, the 4Runner is the real deal if you need to transport moderate quantities of horse (2) dog(2) and human supplies, have to go "off road" regularly … ...to pass oncoming vehicles on our country roads and pull a 3000 gvw utility trailer when needed. Cheap to own and operate. Great VALUE for the dollar. Clean it up and it looks and drives good enough to go anywhere including 1200 mile trips from PA to FL twice a year with 2 Labs in the back. Understand, I am in a bit of a downsize mode. The suburbans, 4-door duallys and gooseneck trailers are gone, but we are just a 2 horse operation now and the kids are gone. Had an interlude of X-5 BMWs' and M and GL Mercedes too. Great in many ways but overpriced and over-complicated for what I really need a vehicle to do. If you like good value and understand and appreciate good engineering and design, 4runner will work for you. If you need to keep up with the Jones's there are a ton of other choices out there.
Report abuse

Used 2015 Toyota 4Runner in Mesa, AZ Values

Estimated values
2015 Toyota 4Runner SR5 Premium 4dr SUV 4WD (4.0L 6cyl 5A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$20,121$24,241$26,965
Clean$19,181$23,057$25,591
Average$17,615$21,083$23,300
Rough$15,580$18,518$20,321

The average list price of a used 2015 Toyota 4Runner in Mesa, Arizona is $27,945. The average mileage on a used Toyota 4Runner 2015 for sale in Mesa, Arizona is 105,884. Based on the average mileage of 105,884 for used 2015 Toyota 4Runner for sale in Mesa, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Toyota 4Runner 2015 in Mesa, Arizona to be $17,615.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.