Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
326 listings
  • Price Drop
    $42,590
    good price
    $3,690 below market
    • 48,189 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana - Columbus (2 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 2 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDXJ8FB0FA001080
    Stock: 2003851383
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 95,584 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 16 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Sylvania (125 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sylvania, OH / 125 miles away from Columbus, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG8FB1FA166606
    Stock: 8730D
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-15-2025

    • 129,000 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 16 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Mira Auto Sales (89 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 89 miles away from Columbus, OH

    2015 Mercedes-Benz S 550 4dr Sedan 4.7L V8 Twin Turbocharger** Back-Up Camera, Cruise Control, Heads-Up Display (Optional), Vehicle Anti-Theft, Syst...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG8FB8FA081651
    Stock: 081651
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

  • New Listing
    $23,800
    fair price
    $1,023 above market
    • 85,246 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 16 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Twins Auto of Dublin (11 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dublin, OH / 11 miles away from Columbus, OH

    YOU ALWAYS WIN AT TWINS OF DUBLIN.2015 Mercedes-Benz S-Class S 550 4MATIC® **PANORAMIC ROOF**, **NAVIGATION**, **USB PORTS**, **ALL WHEEL DRIVE**, **...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG8FB3FA133557
    Stock: D4508
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

    • 23,018 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 15 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Perfect Auto Collection (113 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Akron, OH / 113 miles away from Columbus, OH

    2015 MERCEDES-BENZ S 63 AMG 4MATIC DIAMOND WHITE OVER BLACK LEATHER, DRIVER ASSIST, AMG SILVER CALIPERS, EXCLUSIVE TRIM, DESIGNO WOOD, PANO ROOF</u...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG7JB2FA100373
    Stock: C-100373
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

    • 35,360 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 15 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Greenwood (172 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 172 miles away from Columbus, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG7JB3FA141224
    Stock: 27227214
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $29,997
    great price
    $12,482 below market
    • 54,123 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Astorg Pre-Owned Plaza (131 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Charleston, WV / 131 miles away from Columbus, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG8CB9EA009232
    Stock: CP1121
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-21-2025

    • 44,275 miles
    • Issue reported, 4 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Perfect Auto Collection (113 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Akron, OH / 113 miles away from Columbus, OH

    2015 MERCEDES-BENZ S 63 AMG 4MATIC COUPE BLACK EXCLUSIVE NAPPA LEATHER, AMG PER...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDXJ7JB5FA007622
    Stock: C-007622
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

    • 122,583 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 16 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Eagle Motors Inc of West Chester TWP (85 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in West Chester Township, OH / 85 miles away from Columbus, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG8FB4FA163652
    Stock: 163652
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $34,995
    good price
    $3,062 below market
    • 77,062 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Driveway (180 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 180 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Premium Sound,Satellite...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDXJ8FB8GA016881
    Stock: GA016881T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 117,642 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 17 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Unlimited Auto Group (84 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in West Chester, OH / 84 miles away from Columbus, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG8CB6FA145092
    Stock: 145092
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $27,950
    fair price
    $1,449 below market
    • 78,221 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 16 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • World Class Motors (157 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Noblesville, IN / 157 miles away from Columbus, OH

    *** ORIGINAL MSRP OF $118,510.00 *** DRIVER ASSISTANCE PACKAGE *** PREMIUM PACKAGE *** WARMTH & COMFORT PACKAGE *** EXCLUSIVE WOOD INTERIOR TRIM *** P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG8FBXGA237965
    Stock: 4296
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

  • New Listing
    $28,999
    fair price
    $249 below market
    • 49,145 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 16 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Ohio Car Mart (109 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Elyria, OH / 109 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Experience the pinnacle of luxury and performance with this 2014 Mercedes-Benz S-Class S 550 4MATIC Sedan. With only 46,025 miles on its odometer, thi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG8FB0EA054443
    Stock: 054443A01
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

  • $30,163
    fair price
    $210 above market
    • 54,892 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Chevrolet of Wooster (81 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wooster, OH / 81 miles away from Columbus, OH

    2016 MERCEDES-BENZ S-CLASS S 550 RWDBlack 2016 Mercedes-Benz S-Class 4.7L V8 BiTurbo 7-Speed Automatic S 550 RWDdesigno Silk Beige/Satin Red Pear...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG8CB2GA215155
    Stock: 7574
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

  • $27,000
    fair price
    $475 above market
    • 81,603 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 16 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • AutoGiant USA (165 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 165 miles away from Columbus, OH

    Magnetite Black Metallic 2016 Mercedes-Benz S-Class S 550 4MATIC 4MATIC 4.7L V8 BiTurbo 7-Speed Automatic*MOONROOF/SUNROOF*, *BACKUP CAMERA*, *CONVENI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG8FB5GA242328
    Stock: K242328
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 58,000 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 12cyl automatic
    • Cap City Motors (9 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 9 miles away from Columbus, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDXJ7KB8GA012197
    Stock: 012197
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

    • 74,132 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 16 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Cincinnati (99 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 99 miles away from Columbus, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG8FB1EA050370
    Stock: 2003775260
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • New Listing
    • 42,922 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 17 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Columbia Hyundai (85 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 85 miles away from Columbus, OH

    White 2016 Mercedes-Benz S-Class S 550 RWD 7-Speed Automatic 4.7L V8 BiTurbo Black Leather, Alloy wheels, AM/FM radio: SiriusXM, CD player, Exterior P...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG8CB3GA252859
    Stock: G5005121
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

  • $34,999
    good price
    $4,206 below market
    • 63,541 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 15 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Top Tier Auto Corporation (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Brice, OH / 10 miles away from Columbus, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG7JB5FA155528
    Stock: 155528
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-13-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 109,165 miles
    • Odometer issue reported, 5 owners, personal use
    • 16 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Go Indy Automotive (165 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 165 miles away from Columbus, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDUG8FB0EA052837
    Stock: 0255
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 138,761 miles
    • 2 accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Oaks Automotive (91 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 91 miles away from Columbus, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDXJ8FB5GA015879
    Stock: J015879
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 326 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mercedes-Benz S-Class

Read recent reviews for the Mercedes-Benz S-Class
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars39 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 39 reviews
  • 5 star
    (69%)
  • 4 star
    (10%)
  • 3 star
    (15%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (3%)
5 out of 5 stars

The Epitome Of Understated Luxury

chofgarden, 12/31/2014
2015 Mercedes-Benz S-Class S 550 4dr Sedan (4.7L 8cyl Turbo 7A)
After several thousand miles in a 2015 S550 it would be hard to imagine a more well rounded or comfortable luxury sedan. Performance with the 449HP V8 is more than adequate for any circumstance, and handling is better than one might expect given the size and weight of the car, especially when in the sport mode. The ride is remarkable over any surface and the noise level is lower than … any luxury car I've owned, including a Bentley Flying Spur. Mileage is runnning about 20 MPG in combination town and highway driving, getting 25+ on the highway. The technology features abound but are subtle enough not to intrude excessively, and aren't difficult to master. Not one problem so far. A home run Update- After almost 4 years we still love the S550 and have had 0 problems. Supremely comfortable. Great road trip car, getting 27 mpg on the highway. Still outclasses the competition, would buy again with no regrets. Update 2- Approaching 5 years of ownership now and we still LOVE our S550. Still no problems in over 40000 miles. We will continue to drive it for a few more years, as there's still nothing better out there. Best car we've ever owned. Update 3- With over 6 years and 50000 miles, still no problems. Love it more than ever and it's still better than the new competition. Update 4- Approaching 8 years with over 60000 miles. Still reliable and comfortable as ever. We like it so much we intend to drive it a few more years. We looked at the new S Class and prefer the styling of our 2015 and don't need most of the new gimmicky technology. A GREAT car!
Report abuse

Used 2015 Mercedes-Benz S-Class in Columbus, OH Values

Estimated values
2015 Mercedes-Benz S-Class S 550 4MATIC 2dr Coupe AWD (4.7L 8cyl Turbo 7A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$27,267$29,166$30,486
Clean$26,086$27,821$28,997
Average$24,118$25,581$26,516
Rough$21,559$22,668$23,291

The average list price of a used 2015 Mercedes-Benz S-Class in Columbus, Ohio is $34,865. The average mileage on a used Mercedes-Benz S-Class 2015 for sale in Columbus, Ohio is 75,355. Based on the average mileage of 75,355 for used 2015 Mercedes-Benz S-Class for sale in Columbus, OH and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mercedes-Benz S-Class 2015 in Columbus, Ohio to be $24,118.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.