Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,445 listings
    • 160,804 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Walkers Auto (338 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Reidsville, NC / 338 miles away from Macon, GA

    Wow only one Owner Sienna Van 8-Passengers Local Nc Vehicle Power sliding doors Very nice car Very well maintained Brand new brakes Newer tires Blu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKK3DC5ES490626
    Stock: 490626
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 94,705 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Old Bridge, NJ / 738 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Entertainment System,Heate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYK3DC4FS546552
    Stock: AHP9562
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 102,260 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IN to GA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Merrillville, IN / 624 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDK3DC3ES075166
    Stock: 27639974
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 143,541 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • NewGen Motors - Bartow (365 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Bartow, FL / 365 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKK3DCXES519537
    Stock: B519537
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-24-2024

    • 78,098 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to GA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Reno, NV / 2,041 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYK3DC3ES474581
    Stock: 26505569
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 115,558 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Dublin Auto Sales (58 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Dublin, GA / 58 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYK3DC7ES430213
    Stock: 6522
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2024

    • 160,573 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Daylin Auto Sales (446 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Fort Myers, FL / 446 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKK3DC1ES492566
    Stock: 492566
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2025

    • 226,315 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Dalton Motors (235 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Morristown, TN / 235 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKK3DC0ES470039
    Stock: 470039
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-04-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 267,174 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • La Grange Toyota (69 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Lagrange, GA / 69 miles away from Macon, GA

    Spacious, reliable, and ready for your family adventures-this Black 2014 Toyota Sienna LE 8-Passenger minivan delivers comfort and convenience at a gr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKK3DC4ES408031
    Stock: V2255A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

    • 151,000 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Vinton Car Connection (376 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Vinton, VA / 376 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKK3DC9ES478382
    Stock: j78382
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • New Listing
    • 103,828 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to GA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Parker, CO / 1,252 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDK3DC5ES080224
    Stock: 27229711
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 89,055 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WI to GA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Kenosha, WI / 705 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYK3DC0ES506838
    Stock: 27580038
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 58,295 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to GA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Oxnard, CA / 2,026 miles away from Macon, GA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYK3DC2ES459103
    Stock: 27406122
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 158,470 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Casey's Auto Wholesale (390 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sarasota, FL / 390 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKK3DC3ES479902
    Stock: P2278
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-30-2025

    • 164,305 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Robert's Auto Sales (211 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Hartselle, AL / 211 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKK3DC7ES433635
    Stock: 2988474
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-06-2025

  • $14,000
    fair price
    $401 below market
    • 103,443 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Grace Auto (483 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 483 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKK3DC2CS235736
    Stock: P24853
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $13,495
    great price
    $4,874 below market
    • 137,500 miles
    • 3 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Classic Performance Auto (352 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 352 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYK3DC6FS536203
    Stock: FS536203
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • $8,995
    great price
    $3,092 below market
    • 167,382 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Metro Auto of Orlando (297 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Wildwood, FL / 297 miles away from Macon, GA

    2015 Toyota Sienna LE 7-Passenger MinivanPriced BELOW MARKET VALUE!! Find a 2015 SIENNA UNDER $9000Key Features:Roomy 7-passenger seatingComfortable c...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKK3DC3FS539503
    Stock: 539503
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • $10,500
    fair price
    $271 below market
    • 155,563 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Southeast Auto (460 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Baton Rouge, LA / 460 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDYK3DC3CS232032
    Stock: P4132
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 131,475 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Anthony Auto Sales (87 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Thomson, GA / 87 miles away from Macon, GA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDDK3DC3ES077340
    Stock: 6893
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

    • 51,982 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 18 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Mobility Express (328 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Port Richey, FL / 328 miles away from Macon, GA

    You are viewing a 2014 Toyota Sienna LE painted in Silver Sky Metallic. This preowned Toyota wheelchair accessible van is equipped with a new FR Conve...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKK3DC2ES466316
    Stock: 6258
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-23-2025

Showing 211 - 231 out of 2,445 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota Sienna

Read recent reviews for the Toyota Sienna
Overall Consumer Rating
3.6 out of 5 stars27 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 27 reviews
  • 5 star
    (44%)
  • 4 star
    (11%)
  • 3 star
    (22%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (15%)
5 out of 5 stars

Practicality rendered in steel and plastic

henry_bowman, 05/22/2014
2014 Toyota Sienna LE 8-Passenger 4dr Minivan (3.5L 6cyl 6A)
FIVE YEAR UPDATE: Things are going well with our Sienna. There's just shy of 60,000 miles on the odometer. There was a recall on the rear door motors that was fixed during a short morning at the dealership. Other than that, it's still working fine with nothing but oil, filters, and wiper blades. This has been a GREAT purchase. FOUR YEAR UPDATE: No problems to report with our Sienna … after ~ 40,000 miles. Oil, air filters, washer fluid, tires, and wiper blades are all that it has demanded. The interior is holding up well. The engine starts and runs strong. The large space between the captain's chairs in the 2nd row is wonderful - it keeps little hands away from siblings! THREE YEAR UPDATE: Still love our Sienna. No problems and the only trips to the dealership are for oil changes and tire rotation. If it was stolen tomorrow, I'd buy another Sienna without a second thought. #toyotafamily TWO YEAR UPDATE: We initially leased our Sienna because it was our first minivan and we were unsure if we'd like. After two years, we loved it so much we bought out the lease. While at the dealership, they offered us $4,000 more than the buyout because the fair market value of the vehicle was so high. We decline their offer and kept our Sienna. After two years, we had zero problems with the van. The kids like that they can easily get in and out of the van by themselves, and close the doors. We've driven it cross-country and it excels in that role. There's plenty of space for luggage, tons of cupholders, good highway fuel economy (26 mpg), and a comfortable ride. My biggest complaint is the small screen for the backup camera. That's not really the van's fault, as a larger screen was available when new and I declined that option. My wife's favorite feature is the storage spot for her purse. It rides comfortably below the center stack. The front or rear seat passengers don't have to hold it and it's out of the way but easily within reach. ---------------------------- Our Sienna is the vehicle we should have gotten years ago instead of an SUV. It is incredibly practical despite its geeky image. The interior is often a sore spot in Sienna reviews, but many confuse a minivan with a Lexus sedan. The hard plastics in the Sienna are designed for contact with snot-nosed kids with their greasy popcorn hands. The interior of the Sienna is much easier to clean and will hold up better to hard use compared to something with soft-touch plastics. The Sienna does not have the reliability problems that the Odyssey has. Honda V6 powertrains have a history of eating transmissions and, lately, engines. Too bad, because the rest of the Odyssey is very nice.
Report abuse

Used 2014 Toyota Sienna in Macon, GA Values

Estimated values
2014 Toyota Sienna LE 8-Passenger 4dr Minivan (3.5L 6cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$7,105$9,710$11,388
Clean$6,788$9,208$10,721
Average$6,259$8,371$9,611
Rough$5,572$7,283$8,168

The average list price of a used 2014 Toyota Sienna in Macon, Georgia is $16,162. The average mileage on a used Toyota Sienna 2014 for sale in Macon, Georgia is 134,349. Based on the average mileage of 134,349 for used 2014 Toyota Sienna for sale in Macon, GA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Toyota Sienna 2014 in Macon, Georgia to be $6,259.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.