Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,693 listings
  • Photos not available
    $4,900
    fair price
    $106 below market
    • 165,184 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Lowery Brothers Motors (61 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Boaz, AL / 61 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJDCB3CD635301
    Stock: 635301-A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-08-2024

  • New Listing
    $4,950
    great price
    $2,810 below market
    • 115,090 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Million Mile Motors (136 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 136 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (23 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJCEA1CD526804
    Stock: 526804
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $7,995
    fair price
    $395 above market
    • 119,202 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Atlanta AutoStar (148 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Scottdale, GA / 148 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJCBA1CD623408
    Stock: 108786
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • Photos not available
    • 168,272 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Lake Carroll Auto Sales (101 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Carrollton, GA / 101 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJDBB6CD547683
    Stock: 547683
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-25-2025

  • New Listing
    • 111,597 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Southlake (145 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Stockbridge, GA / 145 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJDEB1ED641453
    Stock: 26998466
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 95,319 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Gil's Auto Sales - 280 bypass (126 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Phenix City, AL / 126 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJDEBXCD608450
    Stock: 330914
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-15-2025

    • 147,619 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Easy Auto (139 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Dalton, GA / 139 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJDEB3CD659823
    Stock: 62081
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2024

  • $4,540
    great price
    $2,420 below market
    • 156,103 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Universal Motors (117 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, GA / 117 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1J4NT1FA0BD241484
    Stock: 2172
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

  • $5,349
    good price
    $1,209 below market
    • 125,492 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats
    • Universal Motors (117 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Dallas, GA / 117 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1J4NT1FB5BD215701
    Stock: 2197
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • Photos not available
    $4,999
    good price
    $1,012 below market
    • 138,407 miles
    • 2 accidents, 7 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Car Sales Unlimited (172 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Dayton, TN / 172 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    www.carsalestn.com4**-5**-2***Monday through Saturday 10 am to 6 pm.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1J4NF1FB9BD266707
    Stock: 266707
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-15-2025

  • New Listing
    $12,599
    fair price
    $873 above market
    • 83,275 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Rivergate (194 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Fold Flat Rear Seats
    Close

    Located in Madison, TN / 194 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJCBA0FD198199
    Stock: 26513905
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 116,687 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Hayes Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram of Lawrenceville (164 mi away)
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Lawrenceville, GA / 164 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    We are proud to offer this 2015 Jeep Compass High Altitude Edition in Billet Silver Metallic Clearcoat with a Lt Pebble Beige/Dk Slate interior...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJCEA9FD373397
    Stock: L543045A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

    • 109,216 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Lithia Springs (128 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lithia Springs, GA / 128 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJDEB2FD358223
    Stock: 27181395
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 85,490 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AL*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Richmond, TX / 591 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJCBBXDD102942
    Stock: 27091658
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 127,411 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • American Trucks Sales (146 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    • Fold Flat Rear Seats
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 146 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    Visit American Trucks Sales online at www.AmericanTrucksSales.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 4**-4**-5*** today to schedule yo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1J4NT1FAXBD190074
    Stock: 32385
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-18-2024

  • New Listing
    $4,750
    great price
    $2,607 below market
    • 124,626 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats
    • Million Mile Motors (136 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Upgraded Engine
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 136 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJCEB7ED628622
    Stock: 628622
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $5,500
    great price
    $3,017 below market
    • 108,386 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 28 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Key Auto Center (134 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Marietta, GA / 134 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    108K MILES,AUTO, ,4WD,FULLY LOADED,POWER WINDOWS, VERY GOOD TIRES,VERY COLD AC,EXCELLENT ENGINE-TRANSMISSION,PERFECT INTERIOR EXTERIOR,CURRENT EMISSI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJDBB9ED800398
    Stock: 800398
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 134,488 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 28 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Million Mile Motors (166 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Lawrenceville, GA / 166 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJDBB3ED828293
    Stock: 828293
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $6,995
    good price
    $2,380 below market
    • 101,456 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • El Camino Auto Sales (179 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Gainesville, GA / 179 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    $6,995 CASH DEAL LO LLEVAS CON ID O PASAPORTE! NO CREDIT CHECK! WE FINANCE! 2014 JEEP COMPASS 4X4 WITH 101K MILES, GAS SAVER, ENGINE SIZE 2.4 4 CYLIND...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJDEB6ED816764
    Stock: 816764
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2024

    • 134,350 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Paulding Auto Sales (117 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Dallas, GA / 117 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    GREAT LITTLE SUV. Has a small dent in the door... get this vehicle for literally half off retail...GIVE US A CALL 7** 6** 1***

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJCCB5ED662917
    Stock: 662917
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-11-2023

  • $5,294
    good price
    $2,137 below market
    • 133,752 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Take a Test Drive Automotive (161 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Snellville, GA / 161 miles away from Birmingham, AL

    Yes it is available see and test drive (BY APPOINTMENT) and ready to sell. Engine and transmission are covered by 6 months/6000 miles warranty at FINA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4NJCEA4ED794233
    Stock: 794233
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 1,693 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Jeep Compass

Read recent reviews for the Jeep Compass
Overall Consumer Rating
3.8 out of 5 stars58 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 58 reviews
  • 5 star
    (45%)
  • 4 star
    (22%)
  • 3 star
    (16%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (10%)
5 out of 5 stars

The Little 4x4 that Could

Jeepmakemehappy, 02/06/2016
2012 Jeep Compass Latitude 4dr SUV 4WD (2.4L 4cyl CVT)
I have owned my Jeep Compass for a little over 1 year. I purchased my 2012 Jeep Compass after driving my Buick Enclave down the wrong road and the hill was too steep to drive it out. Yes, large towing bill. I decided to buy a 4x4. I looked at most brands. Nissan, GMC/Chevy, Ford, you name it. I was looking for comfort (I drive a lot), best gas mileage possible (from a 4x4), and overall … enjoyable to work in. A sales rep called me about a trade they just made on a 2012 jeep compass. So I took it for a test-drive, after 1-mile, I did not feel any tension in my lower back and I can spend all day in and out of this jeep. It handled great, the acceleration was sluggish from take-off, but with manual options, I have compensated. Other than take-off, passing gear works great. The real test game when I had an inspection of a property with a real steep muddy driveway. It had been raining for days and the driveway was a mud puddle. Here goes nothing and a possible 400+ tow bill if I bought the wrong car. I made it down, now I have to go back up. The truth is, I never slid uphill before, I put the shift in manual, keep in it low, stepped on the gas and went up that hill like an off-road racing champ (in my own eyes). The driveway curved twice so I slide around them and made it uphill, got out of the Jeep and did my celebration dance. I have since been up and down similar roads with ease. My jeep has auto-start, Bluetooth, satellite radio, upgraded sound system, heated cloth seats, standard plug-in, Freedom package II, and a flashlight. Please do not just go by the Edmonds.com review. It has been an enjoyable, reliable vehicle, that I hope to keep around.
Report abuse

Used 2012 Jeep Compass in Birmingham, AL Values

Estimated values
2012 Jeep Compass Limited 4dr SUV 4WD (2.4L 4cyl CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$3,244$4,707$5,549
Clean$3,064$4,423$5,189
Average$2,764$3,950$4,588
Rough$2,373$3,334$3,807

The average list price of a used 2012 Jeep Compass in Birmingham, Alabama is $8,677. The average mileage on a used Jeep Compass 2012 for sale in Birmingham, Alabama is 123,877. Based on the average mileage of 123,877 for used 2012 Jeep Compass for sale in Birmingham, AL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Jeep Compass 2012 in Birmingham, Alabama to be $2,764.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.