Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
230 listings
  • New Listing
    $24,898
    great price
    $2,818 below market
    • 126,386 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • AutoNation Honda Roseville (379 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Roseville, CA / 379 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Premium PackageBlind Spot Monitor W/Rear Cross Traffic AlertTowing Hitch W/Ball MountSun/MoonroofLeather Seats3rd Row SeatMahogany Wood & Leathe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX6F5110733
    Stock: F5110733
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $24,886
    good price
    $1,653 below market
    • 118,506 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Lexus of Seattle (262 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lynnwood, WA / 262 miles away from Eugene, OR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX3F5111404
    Stock: F5111404
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 135,369 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Eastlake Auto Brokers (256 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Kirkland, WA / 256 miles away from Eugene, OR

    2013 Lexus GX460 Premium 4WD with only 135k miles. Clean title/clean carfax report. Always serviced at the Lexus dealership. 90k service done. Luxury ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJJM7FX7D5057131
    Stock: 057131
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-28-2024

    • 51,809 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,906 miles away from Eugene, OR

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJJM7FX2D5058154
    Stock: 2003629494
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

    • 64,662 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Lexus of Bellevue (249 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Bellevue, WA / 249 miles away from Eugene, OR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX4F5091406
    Stock: 525006A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • New Listing
    • 115,451 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Daytona Motor Co (262 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lynnwood, WA / 262 miles away from Eugene, OR

    LEXUS GX 460 AWD TWO OWNERS, clean title, extreamly well maintained, AWD, automatic transmission, leather, heated seats, AC/cooled seats, NAV, blue...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX2F5112561
    Stock: 112561
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

    • 98,738 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Eastlake Auto Brokers (256 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Kirkland, WA / 256 miles away from Eugene, OR

    2013 Lexus GX460 4WD with only 98k miles on it. Clean title, Affordable Luxury. Loaded up with all the extras including heated leather seats in front ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX8D5050726
    Stock: 050726
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-21-2024

  • New Listing
    $28,990
    fair price
    $1,174 above market
    • 75,886 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 1,906 miles away from Eugene, OR

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX8E5073702
    Stock: 2003554830
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $27,990
    fair price
    $401 below market
    • 71,655 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 2,057 miles away from Eugene, OR

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX6E5079661
    Stock: 2003632884
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

    • 148,285 miles
    • 2 accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,617 miles away from Eugene, OR

    3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,Sunroo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX7E5074596
    Stock: E5074596A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $25,124
    fair price
    $207 above market
    • 120,966 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Audi Reno Tahoe (362 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Reno, NV / 362 miles away from Eugene, OR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX1G5142023
    Stock: Q303266B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-01-2025

  • New Listing
    • 78,314 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,475 miles away from Eugene, OR

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX6E5073813
    Stock: 2003664455
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

    • 155,000 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Choice Auto N' Truck (387 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 387 miles away from Eugene, OR

    4X4*** EVERY OFFROADERS DREAM*** A traditional midsize SUV with three rows of seating, the 2014 Lexus GX 460 is capable off-road, yet manages to coddl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX5E5081000
    Stock: 081000
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

    • 111,729 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Eastlake Auto Brokers (256 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Kirkland, WA / 256 miles away from Eugene, OR

    2014 Lexus GX460 Luxury 4WD with only 111k miles. Clean title/clean carfax report. 1 Owner vehicle. Luxury vehicle loaded up with all the extras inclu...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJJM7FX4E5089472
    Stock: 089472
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $22,888
    good price
    $2,014 below market
    • 127,303 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Honda of Sumner (221 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sumner, WA / 221 miles away from Eugene, OR

    This 2015 Lexus GX comes equipped with, **7 Day Trial Exchange**, backup camera, heated seats, keyless entry, active parking assist, auto headlights, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX6F5100624
    Stock: F5100624
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-21-2024

  • Price Drop
    $22,991
    fair price
    $317 below market
    • 128,592 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Livermore Toyota (445 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Livermore, CA / 445 miles away from Eugene, OR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FXXF5098036
    Stock: F5098036A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-28-2025

  • $33,000
    fair price
    $228 below market
    • 56,340 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Hometown Toyota (306 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ontario, OR / 306 miles away from Eugene, OR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX0H5154231
    Stock: 21992D
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

  • $28,999
    fair price
    $462 above market
    • 104,559 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Stevens Creek Nissan (469 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Santa Clara, CA / 469 miles away from Eugene, OR

    *LOCAL TRADE IN*, *ONE OWNER!*, *CLEAN HISTORY REPORT!*, *HARD TO FIND*, *LEATHER AND LOADED!*, *LIKE NEW, SUPER CLEAN, ALMOST NEW*, *SEVICE RECORDS A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX1H5170213
    Stock: 5906SA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2025

  • $28,995
    fair price
    $129 above market
    • 87,099 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Eastlake Auto Brokers (256 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Kirkland, WA / 256 miles away from Eugene, OR

    2015 Lexus GX460 4WD with only 87k miles on it. Clean title, Clean carfax report. Loaded up. Equipped with all the extras including heated leather sea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX0F5117113
    Stock: 117113
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-15-2025

  • New Listing
    $32,489
    fair price
    $450 above market
    • 77,741 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Corwin Ford Spokane (374 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Spokane Valley, WA / 374 miles away from Eugene, OR

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJJM7FX2H5151813
    Stock: 8151813
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $32,990
    fair price
    $920 above market
    • 63,016 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • BMW Northwest (223 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fife, WA / 223 miles away from Eugene, OR

    Heated Seats, 3rd Row Seat, NAV, Sunroof, Satellite Radio, Running Boards, 4x4, Alloy Wheels, Back-Up Camera, NAVIGATION PACKAGE, HEATED/VENTILATED FR...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTJBM7FX1H5150849
    Stock: BP6376A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

Showing 22 - 42 out of 230 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Lexus GX 460

Read recent reviews for the Lexus GX 460
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars52 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 52 reviews
  • 5 star
    (67%)
  • 4 star
    (15%)
  • 3 star
    (12%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
4 out of 5 stars

This SUV is for people who want a luxury truck

David S, 08/09/2017
2011 Lexus GX 460 4dr SUV 4WD (4.6L 8cyl 6A)
I own the older GX470 That was a car. This is a truck. Its basically a Landcruiser Prado in a tuxedo. Its big. It's comfortable. The stock radio is great. The Bluetooth is excellent . It's power train is smooth. ...I didn't say great. Here is the one problem. It's not underpowered. Not at all. The problem is the gear ratio. On moderating steep hills, whether going up or down, the … gearing is tuned for gas savings So there is no downshifting in time. In other words, the engine is laboring uphill wanting to get to higher rpm and then down hill it won't shift down for any engine breaking. Hard on breaks. The solution is to shift the knob over to manual and go up or down as needed. It's quite pleasant driving it that way. But that's me. I drove a shift for many years . I can see why some reviewers were freaked out by the too large gearing ratio. That being said this is a badass truck. If you keep your cars a long time like me, you will probably die before this vehicle does if you maintain it per schedule. I would want my kids to drive a Landcruiser or Prado over anything else on the planet for their comfort and safety They will likely inherit this one. That's why they are no cheap. That's why it's got 5 stars for reliability on most car websites. But the odd ratio gear tuning really does improve mpg. On the highway driving 65-70 I get a consistent 19.8 to 20.1 mpg Around town it's about 16 give or take a bit If you can deal with shifting yourself on steep hills, there is nothing more comfortable or reliable on the planet other than a Landcruiser or LX itself
Report abuse

Used 2015 Lexus GX 460 in Eugene, OR Values

Estimated values
2015 Lexus GX 460 4dr SUV 4WD (4.6L 8cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$19,911$24,302$27,250
Clean$19,193$23,344$26,086
Average$17,997$21,748$24,146
Rough$16,441$19,672$21,624

The average list price of a used 2015 Lexus GX 460 in Eugene, Oregon is $27,196. The average mileage on a used Lexus GX 460 2015 for sale in Eugene, Oregon is 100,829. Based on the average mileage of 100,829 for used 2015 Lexus GX 460 for sale in Eugene, OR and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Lexus GX 460 2015 in Eugene, Oregon to be $17,997.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.