Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
510 listings
    • 84,597 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to PA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Murfreesboro, TN / 679 miles away from Allentown, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP8HC424025
    Stock: 27499380
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 77,631 miles
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to PA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fairfield, CA / 2,464 miles away from Allentown, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP4HC440318
    Stock: 27359128
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    • 65,340 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Mayfair Imports Auto Sales (46 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 46 miles away from Allentown, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP3HC380676
    Stock: 380676
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 75,276 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to PA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Roswell, GA / 663 miles away from Allentown, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP2HC377154
    Stock: 27168545
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $22,995
    great price
    $3,628 below market
    • 12,550 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 20 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Nissan of Garden City (97 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Hempstead, NY / 97 miles away from Allentown, PA

    This Nissan Maxima has a dependable Premium Unleaded V-6 3.5 L/213 engine powering this Variable transmission. SUPER BLACK, CHARCOAL, LEATHER-APPOINTE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6CV1PC514241
    Stock: UN21993T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 64,446 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to PA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 685 miles away from Allentown, PA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP0HC380604
    Stock: 27643655
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 145,585 miles
    • 2 accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Z & A Auto Sales (44 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 44 miles away from Allentown, PA

    WARRANTY, FINANCING IS AVAILABLE FOR BOTH BAD AND GOOD CREDIT.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP7HC398503
    Stock: 398503
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-28-2025

  • $13,995
    good price
    $1,432 below market
    • 110,463 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 20 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Motormax (66 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Glassboro, NJ / 66 miles away from Allentown, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AV4KC368364
    Stock: 68364
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 108,198 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Glacier Auto Sales 2 (64 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in New Castle, DE / 64 miles away from Allentown, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6APXHC443630
    Stock: 443630
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-20-2025

  • New Listing
    $9,999
    great price
    $2,487 below market
    • 128,343 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • We All We Got Auto (49 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Glenolden, PA / 49 miles away from Allentown, PA

    2018 Nissan Maxima SV Clean Title | Clean Carfax | 6-Month Unlimited Mile Warranty Included!Looking for a bold, luxurious, and high-performance sedan?...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP3JC392834
    Stock: JC392834
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 120,655 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • i.g. Burton Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram FIAT of Milford (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Milford, DE / 114 miles away from Allentown, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP8HC418077
    Stock: 7257396A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

    • 85,640 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • A&M Auto Sales (90 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Edgewood, MD / 90 miles away from Allentown, PA

    Internet Prices are based on cash or cashier's check. Our Internet price does not include a $299 Processing fee, Tags, title and FINANCE FEES! Informa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP6HC414321
    Stock: 1N4AA6AP6HC414321
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-09-2025

    • 62,822 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Buy Smart Motors llc (46 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Trenton, NJ / 46 miles away from Allentown, PA

    $999 DOWN AND YOU DRIVE TODAY, BAD OR NO CREDIT YOU ARE APPROVED, LOOKS AND RUNS GREAT, SUPER CLEAN INSIDE AND OUT, ENGINE AND TRANSMISSION IN EXCELL...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP6HC456911
    Stock: 456911
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $19,588
    great price
    $2,720 below market
    • 38,932 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 20 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Club of Edison (57 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Edison, NJ / 57 miles away from Allentown, PA

    NJ's #1 Car Dealership | Auto Club of Edison | (732) 630-7777| sales@autoclubofedison.com | Edison, NJ| This vehicle is a 2023 Nissan Maxima 3.5 SV wi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6CV1PC510724
    Stock: ALR1403
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

  • $17,940
    fair price
    $534 above market
    • 88,406 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 20 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Tri-State Auto (42 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 42 miles away from Allentown, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AV5KC384931
    Stock: KC384931
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 85,321 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 20 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • i.g. Burton Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram of Newark (65 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Newark, DE / 65 miles away from Allentown, PA

    Recent Arrival! 2019 Nissan Maxima SR20/30 City/Highway MPGSince 1908, i.G. Burton Auto Group has served Delmarva and its surrounding communities...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AV0KC377370
    Stock: J257279A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-31-2025

  • Price Drop
    $30,391
    good price
    $2,377 below market
    • 31,548 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 20 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Fred Beans Nissan of Flemington (34 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Flemington, NJ / 34 miles away from Allentown, PA

    2023 Nissan Maxima SR SR 3.5L V6 DOHC 24V CVT with Xtronic FWD 4D Sedan Gun Metallic Bought & Serviced at Fred Beans, Local Trade, Great Service Histo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6EV5PC507855
    Stock: U503511
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

  • $18,899
    good price
    $2,696 below market
    • 45,555 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 20 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Lynnes Nissan City (69 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bloomfield, NJ / 69 miles away from Allentown, PA

    This 2020 Nissan Maxima has passed the Lynnes comprehensive 172 point inspection with flying colors. Our ASE certified technicians have inspected this...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6DV3LC380891
    Stock: E8458P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • $15,999
    great price
    $2,351 below market
    • 78,598 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Amey's Garage (11 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cherryville, PA / 11 miles away from Allentown, PA

    LOOK NO FARTHER ! You clicked this one because it has one of the lowest prices out there, But it also comes with fresh inspection and a warranty! NO G...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP3JC371014
    Stock: 12178
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • $15,998
    good price
    $1,515 below market
    • 58,660 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • MG Enterprise USA (67 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bloomingdale, NJ / 67 miles away from Allentown, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6AP9JC375472
    Stock: 375472
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $32,990
    fair price
    $547 below market
    • 21,361 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 20 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Loughead Nissan (50 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Swarthmore, PA / 50 miles away from Allentown, PA

    2023 Nissan Maxima 3.5 SR 21,361 Miles Clean CARFAX Certified Pre-Owned Experience luxury and performance in this sleek Black 2023 Nissan Maxima 3.5...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AA6EV4PC505644
    Stock: 72440
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-27-2024

Showing 274 - 294 out of 510 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Nissan Maxima

Read recent reviews for the Nissan Maxima
Overall Consumer Rating
4.7 out of 5 stars100 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 100 reviews
  • 5 star
    (84%)
  • 4 star
    (11%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (1%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
4 out of 5 stars

Miles aint nothing but numbers on 2010 sv...

BFREE, 12/27/2015
2010 Nissan Maxima 3.5 S 4dr Sedan (3.5L 6cyl CVT)
212k plus and no issues whatsoever. I just changed the original struts, shocks and control arms (worn out) at 210k. I have done the maintanance (pretty much) as reccommended by Nissan and I have been rewarded with supurb reliability. CVT fluid change is expensive at $300 but, I have had no reliability issues with it. Oil changes with regular 5w30 every 5000 miles. The car still … drives excellent the engine is as strong as ever,even though it has never had a tuneup. I'm going to do one just because I think I should, though no issues with power and performance. I would prefer a dual clutch automatic over the CVT, but the engine power at any speed amkes the CVT a non issue. I drove a four cylinder Altima CVT and hated it, but it works well with the V6. I wish the car had a little more top end perfomance at high speeds (over 100), but I rarely have a safe opportunity to drive that fast so no issue. I have the mid level SV with with leather. I have had lesser cars with leather that didnt fade like my caffe latte front seats have, also the vinyl around the outside of the seats and on the arm rest has started to crack. I know the premium trim is supposed to have higher quality leather, but why??? If it's leather it should all be of high quality with higher trims maybe having a better grain. The cupholders should have removable rubber inserts as any spills require cleanup directlyi the cupholder. Original equoptment tires were trash in rain and snow. Once I bought better tires rain and snow handling were very good. The car actually hydroplaned when new on the original tires. Handling is great, though I wish the ride was a little less firm and more sound deadening would be nice.
Report abuse

Used 2017 Nissan Maxima in Allentown, PA Values

Estimated values
2017 Nissan Maxima 3.5 S 4dr Sedan w/Prod. End 04/17 (3.5L 6cyl CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$8,689$12,441$15,310
Clean$8,374$11,971$14,709
Average$7,850$11,189$13,707
Rough$7,168$10,171$12,404

The average list price of a used 2017 Nissan Maxima in Allentown, Pennsylvania is $18,668. The average mileage on a used Nissan Maxima 2017 for sale in Allentown, Pennsylvania is 75,711. Based on the average mileage of 75,711 for used 2017 Nissan Maxima for sale in Allentown, PA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Nissan Maxima 2017 in Allentown, Pennsylvania to be $7,850.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.