Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,793 listings
  • Stock photo**
    $15,899
    fair price
    $18 above market
    • 129,912 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Auto City of Virginia (10 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Portsmouth, VA / 10 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    Recent Arrival! NO PRESSURE NO HAGGLE NO GIMMICKS JUST CARS VADLR CHECK US OUT AT https://www.autocitycars.com/ 2015 Wrangler Jeep Unlimited Sport 3.6...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4BJWDG4FL711272
    Stock: 711272
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • New Listing
    • 48,020 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Warner Robins, GA / 510 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4BJWEG5DL644340
    Stock: 26883749
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $14,995
    fair price
    $225 below market
    • 126,750 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Coastal Auto Market (149 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Swansboro, NC / 149 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    SUPER NICE, CLEAN WRANGLER*****MANUAL 6-SPEED****ALLOY WHEELS, TOW RECEIVER ***CALL TODAY FOR A GREAT DEAL OPN A NICE JEEP****TRADES WELCOME****WARRAN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4BJWDG2DL685445
    Stock: 685445
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-17-2024

  • Selling or trading in?

    Know what your car is worth while you shop for your next vehicle.

    See my car’s value
  • New Listing
    $11,495
    fair price
    $105 above market
    • 145,672 miles
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Supreme Auto Sales (6 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Upgraded Engine
    Close

    Located in Chesapeake, VA / 6 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    6cyl Manual Transmission 145k miles Extended warranty available VA used car dealer Sharp ride! Lifter! Custom wheels and tires! Clean and well maintai...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4AJWAG9DL686057
    Stock: 686057
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-26-2024

  • $11,500
    fair price
    $1,168 above market
    • 129,475 miles
    • 1 accident, 6 owners, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 15 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Town Autoplanet (9 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Alarm
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Towing Hitch
    Close

    Located in Portsmouth, VA / 9 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    Clean inside and outside Run and drive good No mechanical issues

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1J4FA54127L164697
    Stock: 164697
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2023

  • $15,300
    fair price
    $923 above market
    • 126,496 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Cherner Brothers Auto (165 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Kensington, MD / 165 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    Our Clean Carfax, 1-Owner and Maryland State Inspected 2013 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sport 4X4, shown in a Bright White paint scheme, is ready to handl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJWDG2DL697170
    Stock: 6195K
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-12-2025

  • $16,990
    fair price
    $319 above market
    • 84,131 miles
    • 1 accident, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Whipple Auto Sales (157 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Upgraded Engine
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 157 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    JUST ARRIVED, NC-OWNED, 2013 JEEP WRANGLER UNLIMITED 6-SPD MANUAL! VERY CLEAN INSIDE AND OUT! LISTED PRICE IS CASH/FINANCE PRICE! (DOES NOT INCLUDE DO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4BJWDG4DL553500
    Stock: D553500
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

  • $13,995
    fair price
    $563 above market
    • 143,676 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Main Street Motors (165 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Upgraded Engine
    Close

    Located in Chantilly, VA / 165 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    *****All Main Street Motors vehicles come with a 6 month - 6,000 mile Powertrain Warranty***** ***2013 Jeep Wrangler unlimited Sport. an Excellent con...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4BJWDG0DL650175
    Stock: 650175
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • $17,999
    fair price
    $455 above market
    • 113,442 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Smithfield Auto Center (144 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Smithfield, NC / 144 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4BJWDG2FL585249
    Stock: 24272
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-10-2024

  • Price Drop
    $11,541
    great price
    $3,024 below market
    • 158,154 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Westgate Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram (152 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 152 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4AJWAG6GL131006
    Stock: 27865Q
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

  • $14,500
    fair price
    $941 above market
    • 151,460 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Hollingsworth Auto Sales (145 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 145 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4HJWDG1DL600850
    Stock: 600850
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-03-2023

    • 290,982 miles
    • 2 accidents, 5 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 15 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Car Care Center (185 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Alarm
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Fold Flat Rear Seats
    Close

    Located in Sanford, NC / 185 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    call 8**-3**-3*** for more info

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1J4GA59147L140589
    Stock: 140589
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

    • 147,904 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Trimax Auto (12 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Alarm
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Norfolk, VA / 12 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4BJWDGXFL521301
    Stock: ONEOwner_CLEAN
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

    • 98,616 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • LA Auto Star (14 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Virginia Beach, VA / 14 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    SHARP LOOKING UNLIMITED WRANGLER WITH CLEAN CARFAX REPORT! JUST SERVICED AND READY TO GO. NEW CLUTCH FRESH STATE INSPECTION THIS JEEP IS READY FOR FUN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4BJWDG8FL543796
    Stock: 7007
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $14,950
    great price
    $6,168 below market
    • 101,630 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Prime Motors (154 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Arlington, VA / 154 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    Video walk-around, virtual test drives, E-purchase, shipping , financing and we accept all trades. Call/Text 703-671-8100 with questions or to schedul...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4BJWEG9GL156061
    Stock: 156061
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 84,852 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 16 City / 21 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Tito's Auto Sales (14 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Virginia Beach, VA / 14 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4BJWDG4DL602274
    Stock: 1126
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2024

    • 131,165 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 15 City / 18 Hwy MPG
    • Back Roads Automotive (1 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Fold Flat Rear Seats
    • 3500lb Towing Capaci...
    Close

    Located in Chesapeake, VA / 1 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1J4GA69177L187802
    Stock: 34386AFC
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-02-2024

    • 119,529 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Imports of Tidewater (9 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Virginia Beach, VA / 9 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    Embark on your next adventure in style with this Black 2015 Jeep Wrangler! This rugged beauty is equipped with a powerful 3.6L V6 engine that will tak...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4AJWAG0FL743832
    Stock: 02607
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 115,204 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • The Car Store (121 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Salisbury, MD / 121 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4AJWBG2FL749484
    Stock: 74419
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

    • 98,241 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Affordable Auto Sales of Goldsboro (134 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Upgraded Engine
    Close

    Located in Goldsboro, NC / 134 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    Affordable Auto Sales of Goldsboro Sales 4126 US HWY 70 East Goldsboro, NC 27534 9**-2**-2*** This Rock Lobster Red 2013 Jeep Wrangler is the ultimate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4AJWBG5DL643687
    Stock: D1485
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $14,595
    fair price
    $770 above market
    • 81,465 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 546 miles away from Chesapeake, VA

    Low Mileage,V6 Cylinder Engine,Steel Wheels,Floor Mats,Running Boards/Side Steps,Gasoline Fuel,CD Player,ABS,Cloth Seats,Pass-Through Rear Seat,Power ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1C4AJWAG3DL656682
    Stock: DL656682T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 379 - 399 out of 2,793 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Jeep Wrangler

Read recent reviews for the Jeep Wrangler
Overall Consumer Rating
4.3 out of 5 stars76 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 76 reviews
  • 5 star
    (58%)
  • 4 star
    (29%)
  • 3 star
    (8%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (3%)
5 out of 5 stars

Durable and affordable

Steve, 09/11/2016
2010 Jeep Wrangler Sport 2dr SUV 4WD (3.8L 6cyl 6M)
Know before you ever ride in a jeep or consider buying one that it is not like a car or 4X4 pickup. My 2010 2door Wrangler Islander is bouncy and has a high center of gravity so you will feel the road and g forces in turns more so than in afore mentioned vehicle types. And mine is a 6-speed manual so you have to actually perform the gearing changes via the shift lever and clutch pedal. … It is easy to see out of and the steering is quick and precise. Mine is completely stock and I love sitting higher above other vehicles in it. No more scraping the front bumper on steep transition parking lots or driveways. Easy to access most things under the hood and I run Firestone Destination A/T tires in stock size which have an off road tread pattern and are not louder than street tires. My mileage is between 19-21.5 mpg city/highway.
Report abuse

Used 2015 Jeep Wrangler in Chesapeake, VA Values

Estimated values
2015 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sport 4dr SUV 4WD (3.6L 6cyl 5A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$10,372$13,045$14,839
Clean$9,833$12,323$13,967
Average$8,935$11,118$12,513
Rough$7,767$9,552$10,623

The average list price of a used 2015 Jeep Wrangler in Chesapeake, Virginia is $15,678. The average mileage on a used Jeep Wrangler 2015 for sale in Chesapeake, Virginia is 125,085. Based on the average mileage of 125,085 for used 2015 Jeep Wrangler for sale in Chesapeake, VA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Jeep Wrangler 2015 in Chesapeake, Virginia to be $8,935.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.