Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,059 listings
    • 38,983 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Driveway (330 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Rockwall, TX / 330 miles away from Wichita, KS

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather Se...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F79NB026759
    Stock: NB026759P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $35,000
    fair price
    $872 above market
    • 41,597 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Honda Cars of Bellevue (252 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bellevue, NE / 252 miles away from Wichita, KS

    This outstanding example of a 2022 Honda Ridgeline RTL-E is offered by Honda Cars Of Bellevue. Enjoy an extra level of calm when purchasing this Honda...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F71NB035228
    Stock: 4017
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

    • 70,726 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Driveway (328 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Grapevine, TX / 328 miles away from Wichita, KS

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steer...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F86NB027912
    Stock: NB027912P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 30,074 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Urban Motors Blue (439 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Denver, CO / 439 miles away from Wichita, KS

    2022 Honda Ridgeline RTL-E AWD. 1 Owner. No Accident CarFax History. Hard Tonneau Cover. Apple CarPlay & Android Auto. Adaptive Cruise Control. Lane A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F74NB018858
    Stock: 54737
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    $27,300
    fair price
    $435 below market
    • 64,854 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Holman Honda (427 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Centennial, CO / 427 miles away from Wichita, KS

    **1-OWNER**APPLE CARPLAY/ANDRIOD AUTO**FORWARD COLLISION ASSIST** 2022 Honda Ridgeline Sport 3.5L V6 SOHC i-VTEC 24V, Radiant Red Metallic II, Black C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F18NB015747
    Stock: NB015747
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

  • $32,299
    fair price
    $838 above market
    • 57,139 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Enterprise Car Sales Omaha (256 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Omaha, NE / 256 miles away from Wichita, KS

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F7XNB035535
    Stock: 7V3XXS
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

    • 37,700 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Grand Valley Auto Lakewood (442 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lakewood, CO / 442 miles away from Wichita, KS

    CARFAX One-Owner. Odometer is 693 miles below market average!Crystal Black Pearl 2022 Honda Ridgeline RTL-E 4D Crew Cab AWD 3.5L V6 SOHC i-VTEC 24V A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F7XNB002695
    Stock: G6168
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

    • 7,799 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • CarMax Kansas City (170 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Merriam, KS / 170 miles away from Wichita, KS

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F57NB029450
    Stock: 27591880
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 37,778 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • David McDavid Honda of Frisco (319 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Frisco, TX / 319 miles away from Wichita, KS

    RECALL NOTICE: Some vehicles offered for sale may be subject to unrepaired manufacturer safety recalls. To determine the recall status of a vehicle, v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F15NB014555
    Stock: MHF252100A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-25-2025

    • 24,343 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Driveway (358 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ames, IA / 358 miles away from Wichita, KS

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Kee...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F58NB031451
    Stock: NB031451A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 64,190 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Conklin Salina Chevrolet (77 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Salina, KS / 77 miles away from Wichita, KS

    Clean CARFAX. 2022 Honda Ridgeline RTL-E White Tan Leather.Drive Forever limited lifetime engine and transmission protection on all eligible new veh...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F71NB008787
    Stock: SX7612A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

    • 36,504 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Mungenast Burkard Alton Toyota (398 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Alton, IL / 398 miles away from Wichita, KS

    CARFAX One-Owner. SUNROOF, LEATHER, ~~IN-BED Sound System~Smoked Honda Alloys~~, Black Leather, Automatic temperature control, Blind Spot Information ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F86NB009751
    Stock: 20065A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-14-2025

    • 29,387 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Family Toyota Burleson (357 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Burleson, TX / 357 miles away from Wichita, KS

    Recent Arrival! New Price! CARFAX One-Owner. Ridgeline RTL-E, 4D Crew Cab, 3.5L V6 SOHC i-VTEC 24V, 9-Speed Automatic, AWD, Sonic Gray Pearl, Black w/...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F77NB032835
    Stock: AP12099A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 25,767 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Mile High Honda (428 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Denver, CO / 428 miles away from Wichita, KS

    Step into rugged sophistication with this 2022 Honda Ridgeline RTL, a refined powerhouse wrapped in Platinum White Pearl. With its bold stance and sle...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F5XNB034495
    Stock: 51750A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

  • New Listing
    • 62,551 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • BMW of Omaha (255 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Omaha, NE / 255 miles away from Wichita, KS

    This OPEN ROAD CERTIFIED 2022 Honda Ridgeline RTL-E, has a Modern Steel Metallic exterior and an Gray interior color. 62551 miles. Stock Number X03723...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F72NB019541
    Stock: X03723B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $31,988
    great price
    $2,746 below market
    • 30,750 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Mark Allen Chevrolet (143 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Glenpool, OK / 143 miles away from Wichita, KS

    **LET'S DO BUSINESS OKLAHOMA! MARK ALLEN CHEVROLET, WHERE YOU ARE MORE LIKE FAMILY, THAN JUST ANOTHER CUSTOMER!** Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F57PB048244
    Stock: S1213962A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-20-2025

    • 43,456 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Dave Mungenast St. Louis Honda (384 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Saint Louis, MO / 384 miles away from Wichita, KS

    Welcome to Dave Mungenast St. Louis Honda. We are one of the St. Louis area's largest Honda dealers. Founded in 1965 the Mungenast family has served t...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F74NB015605
    Stock: P21713
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-08-2025

    • 23,078 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • AutoSavvy Duncanville (348 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Duncanville, TX / 348 miles away from Wichita, KS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F78NB032603
    Stock: 88313
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 41,535 miles
    • Salvage reported, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • Zara Auto (430 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Denver, CO / 430 miles away from Wichita, KS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F73NB006507
    Stock: 18717
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 40,167 miles
    • Rebuilt vehicle reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • CarMart Automotive (434 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Englewood, CO / 434 miles away from Wichita, KS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F73NB003767
    Stock: NB003767
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 36,539 miles
    • Salvage reported, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'4” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • AutoSavvy - Fort Worth (335 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 335 miles away from Wichita, KS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5FPYK3F77NB012472
    Stock: 93624
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 22 - 42 out of 1,059 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Honda Ridgeline

Read recent reviews for the Honda Ridgeline
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars54 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 54 reviews
  • 5 star
    (67%)
  • 4 star
    (19%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (6%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
5 out of 5 stars

Serial buyer

Paul in NJ, 04/02/2022
2022 Honda Ridgeline RTL 4dr Crew Cab AWD SB (3.5L 6cyl 9A)
I’m on my second gen 2 ridgeline. I traded my 2017 RTLE with 90k miles for a 2021 RTL. Simply put, the best vehicles I’ve ever owned! On the first one I purchased I traded my Explorer, F150 and Buick LaCrosse since the Ridgeline fulfilled all 3 missions. Lux interior and ride, room for 5 around town, 4 on long trips, excellent storage and utility for shopping and outdoor activities and a … decent load carrying capability for weekend trips to the garden center while keeping the ability to tow my 20’ boat. All that and it’s AWD is stable as a rock in the snow! After over 100k miles between the two trucks, I’ve averaged over 23 mpg city/hwy and had only standard maintenance while the tires lasted 85k miles. Why the RTL downgrade second time around? Most 2017 options are now standard at the RTL trim and I never used the in-bed audio system or power outlets. Saved $4,000.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Honda Ridgeline in Wichita, KS Values

Estimated values
2022 Honda Ridgeline RTL-E 4dr Crew Cab AWD SB (3.5L 6cyl 9A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$29,150$31,399$33,754
Clean$28,694$30,865$33,132
Average$27,935$29,973$32,095
Rough$26,948$28,815$30,748

The average list price of a used 2022 Honda Ridgeline in Wichita, Kansas is $31,595. The average mileage on a used Honda Ridgeline 2022 for sale in Wichita, Kansas is 40,234. Based on the average mileage of 40,234 for used 2022 Honda Ridgeline for sale in Wichita, KS and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Honda Ridgeline 2022 in Wichita, Kansas to be $27,935.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.