Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
3,255 listings
  • New Listing
    • 47,125 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Elder Mitsubishi-Killeen (280 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Killeen, TX / 280 miles away from Odessa, TX

    Recent Arrival! Located at the Killeen Location.Blue 2021 Ford Escape SEThe vehicle is equipped with Convenience Package (10-Way Power Driver's Seat, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (28 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0G66MUB34114
    Stock: MUB34114
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-23-2025

  • $12,888
    great price
    • 76,285 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Mac Haik Ford Pasadena (454 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Pasadena, TX / 454 miles away from Odessa, TX

    This 2020 Ford Escape SE in Magnetic includes the following features: 1.5L EcoBoost 8-Speed Automatic FWD Equipment Group 200A, 3.52 Axle Ratio, 4-Whe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0G67LUA96603
    Stock: P5898
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

    • 95,598 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Boutique Texas (455 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Alvin, TX / 455 miles away from Odessa, TX

    Carfax and Autocheck accident free.Auto Boutique is proud to offer excellent, pre-owned vehicles. With our no haggle pricing policy you can be sure yo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9G64MUA37725
    Stock: P25375
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

    • 89,346 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (422 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 422 miles away from Odessa, TX

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9J93NUA40023
    Stock: NUA40023P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 91,493 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Texans Auto Group (425 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Spring, TX / 425 miles away from Odessa, TX

    Step into the sleek and stylish 2021 Ford Escape in a trendy Gray color that is sure to turn heads wherever you go. This car is not just a pretty face...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9J96MUA57445
    Stock: A57445
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

  • New Listing
    $10,996
    great price
    • 86,950 miles
    • 3 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • Happy Cars and Credit Center (339 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 339 miles away from Odessa, TX

    2020 Ford Escape SE Sport Utility 4D1-Owner VehicleRegular Oil Changesclean title in hand. Runs great, the best price around, Still runs good, <&lt...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0G63LUB66890
    Stock: B66890
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 120,298 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 43 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Boutique Texas (455 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Alvin, TX / 455 miles away from Odessa, TX

    Carfax and Autocheck accident free.Auto Boutique is proud to offer excellent, pre-owned vehicles. With our no haggle pricing policy you can be sure yo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    40 Combined MPG (43 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9BZ2NUA42585
    Stock: P25336
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    Stock photo**
    $15,343
    great price
    $2,735 below market
    • 65,647 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • James Hodge Hyundai (485 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Muskogee, OK / 485 miles away from Odessa, TX

    New Price! Odometer is 5974 miles below market average! Recent Arrival!2020 Ford Escape SEGreen REAR BACKUP CAMERA, BLUETOOTH, KEYLESS ENTRY, TOUC...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0G6XLUB66952
    Stock: 257257A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

    • 34,728 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Chevrolet North Corpus Christi (410 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Corpus Christi, TX / 410 miles away from Odessa, TX

    Se Sport Appearance PackageConvenience PackageMini Spare WheelLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear SpoilerAgate Black MetallicDark Earth Gray; ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (28 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0G63NUA87643
    Stock: NUA87643
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

  • $20,188
    great price
    • 43,830 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Van Hyundai (327 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Carrollton, TX / 327 miles away from Odessa, TX

    Discover the 2022 Ford Escape SEL: A Dynamic Drive with Agate Black Elegance and Advanced Performance for the Modern AdventurerStep into the 2022 F...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9H66NUC04196
    Stock: NUC04196
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

    • 33,315 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 43 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Sam Pack's Five Star Ford Lewisville (323 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lewisville, TX / 323 miles away from Odessa, TX

    CARFAX One-Owner. 2022 Ford Escape Hybrid TitaniumClean CARFAX.2.5L iVCT.Odometer is 8691 miles below market average!43/37 City/Highway MPG

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    40 Combined MPG (43 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9DZ3NUA90674
    Stock: SRE82957A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

  • New Listing
    • 77,581 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 44 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Legacy Autos (337 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Richardson, TX / 337 miles away from Odessa, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    41 Combined MPG (44 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0BZXMUA39203
    Stock: A39203
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 38,755 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Clay Cooley Ford (316 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Arlington, TX / 316 miles away from Odessa, TX

    Clay Cooley Auto Group is the home of the Clay Cooley Family Guarantee and offers a 3-DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE which means you can return the brand ne...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (28 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0H6XNUA69557
    Stock: NUA69557
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

    • 132,821 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Mainland Investment (436 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 436 miles away from Odessa, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9F66MUA68282
    Stock: A68282
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 85,749 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 44 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • Elder Mitsubishi (284 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Cedar Park, TX / 284 miles away from Odessa, TX

    Available at the Cedar Park Location.Oxford White 2022 Ford Escape Hybrid SEL2.5L iVCT. This vehicle comes equipped with the following features and op...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    41 Combined MPG (44 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0CZ7NUA60591
    Stock: NUA60591
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • $17,500
    great price
    • 49,672 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Selection (432 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 432 miles away from Odessa, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9H63NUA61515
    Stock: 2645
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 36,699 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 44 City / 37 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Chevrolet North Richland Hills (308 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in North Richland Hills, TX / 308 miles away from Odessa, TX

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: all new tires! Navigation SystemLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear SpoilerEngine...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    41 Combined MPG (44 City/37 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0DZ8NUA14721
    Stock: NUA14721
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

  • Price Drop
    $14,433
    fair price
    $842 below market
    • 109,886 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Seth Wadley Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (356 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Pauls Valley, OK / 356 miles away from Odessa, TX

    2022 Iconic Silver Metallic Ford Escape S FWD 8-Speed Automatic 1.5L EcoBoost This Ford Escape has many features and is well equipped including, Lifet...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (28 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0F62NUA12708
    Stock: JC2216
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

    • 13,777 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • RightDrive Auto (237 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in El Paso, TX / 237 miles away from Odessa, TX

    26/31 City/Highway MPG Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner.Agate Black Metallic 2022 Ford Escape 4D Sport Utility SE AWD 8-Speed Automatic 1.5L EcoBoost ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU9G65NUB95380
    Stock: 4RDB95380
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-05-2025

    • 10,933 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 28 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Toyota Gulf Freeway (451 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 451 miles away from Odessa, TX

    Convenience PackageRapid Red Metallic Tinted ClearcoatMini Spare WheelLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear SpoilerDark Earth Gray; Unique Cloth ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (28 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0G6XNUB95550
    Stock: NUB95550
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • $15,995
    great price
    • 28,303 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 27 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • International Auto Sales (341 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 341 miles away from Odessa, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (27 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FMCU0G6XLUB65574
    Stock: B65574
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 64 - 84 out of 3,255 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford Escape

Read recent reviews for the Ford Escape
Overall Consumer Rating
3.8 out of 5 stars30 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 30 reviews
  • 5 star
    (57%)
  • 4 star
    (10%)
  • 3 star
    (7%)
  • 2 star
    (13%)
  • 1 star
    (13%)
5 out of 5 stars

Enjoyable Drive

PUMA, 04/28/2021
2021 Ford Escape Titanium Hybrid 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid EVT)
Personally like interior trim, smooth ride, and many extra features in the Titanium Hybrid. Added a hitch for small towing needs, installed by Ford. Factory installed would have been ideal but wasn’t in stock at time of purchase. I am particularly impressed with mileage. So far approx 43% of my overall miles are electric, however mostly short haul trips. No regrets! Very happy so … far but time will tell how it holds up.
Report abuse

Used 2021 Ford Escape in Odessa, TX Values

Estimated values
2021 Ford Escape SE 4dr SUV (1.5L 3cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$13,270$15,151$17,045
Clean$12,957$14,773$16,598
Average$12,436$14,144$15,852
Rough$11,758$13,326$14,883

The average list price of a used 2021 Ford Escape in Odessa, Texas is $17,803. The average mileage on a used Ford Escape 2021 for sale in Odessa, Texas is 65,181. Based on the average mileage of 65,181 for used 2021 Ford Escape for sale in Odessa, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford Escape 2021 in Odessa, Texas to be $12,436.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.