Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,036 listings
    • 29,536 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'6” bed, 3.5l, 6cyl
    • CarMax Southwest Freeway (26 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 26 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5AB0NX004877
    Stock: 27424725
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 35,909 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Bayway Cadillac of the Woodlands (10 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in The Woodlands, TX / 10 miles away from Spring, TX

    CARFAX One-Owner. Black 2022 Toyota Tundra SR5 RWD 10-Speed Automatic 3.4L V6 Black Cloth. Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!THIS VEHICLE INCLUDE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5AB3NX005263
    Stock: CP5739
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

    • 36,819 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • CarMax Southwest Freeway (26 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 26 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5DB4NX018390
    Stock: 27424734
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 38,488 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • CarMax Houston Katy Freeway (28 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Katy, TX / 28 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5AB3NX013735
    Stock: 27353461
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 117,806 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Texans 1st Truck (33 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 33 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFTY5F19LX011433
    Stock: 011433
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

    • 28,521 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Murrieta, CA / 1,298 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFRY5F13LX261888
    Stock: 26822915
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 65,719 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Drive Away Autos (16 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 16 miles away from Spring, TX

    Visit Drive Away Autos online at driveawayautos.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 7**-6**-3*** today to schedule your test d...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFDY5F11LX948250
    Stock: 18536r
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-28-2025

    • 72,144 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Don McGill Toyota (22 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 22 miles away from Spring, TX

    Recent Arrival! CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Certified.Smoked Mesquite 2022 Toyota Tundra Hybrid Limited 3.4L V6.Certification Program Details:...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFJC5BC3NX001027
    Stock: 97404A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

  • New Listing
    • 9,627 miles
    • 6'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • CarMax Gulf Freeway (35 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 35 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5AA6NX015292
    Stock: 26575579
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 30,652 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Apple Carplay/Androi...
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 1,218 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFRY5F15LX256420
    Stock: 27131938
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 104,969 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • SW Auto Center (29 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 29 miles away from Spring, TX

    **TRD PRO!!**NAV**JBL**SUNROOF**HTD SEATS**RARE COLOR** Call (7**)7**-5*** to setup an appointment today to test drive this gorgeous 2020 Toyota Tundr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFDY5F15LX924744
    Stock: 924744
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

    • 44,374 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5'6” bed, 3.4l, 6cyl
    • Bravo Nissan (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Baytown, TX / 33 miles away from Spring, TX

    GPS, Off Road, One Owner, Non-Smoker, Like New, Custom Lift, Warranty, Tinted Windows with Lifetime Warranty, Android Auto, Apple Car Play, Auxiliary ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFLA5DB9NX025206
    Stock: PB025206
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

    • 34,896 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from Fort Worth, TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 212 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFEY5F15LX265584
    Stock: 27253498
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 35,283 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in North Attleboro, MA / 1,568 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFUY5F12LX914057
    Stock: 27244098
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 39,100 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 795 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/18 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFFY5F15LX261927
    Stock: 27032964
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 44,623 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 919 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFAY5F16LX873306
    Stock: 2003719869
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    $36,990
    fair price
    $567 above market
    • 86,595 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 879 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFDY5F12LX918030
    Stock: 2003632446
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 77,772 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 919 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFAY5F16LX918664
    Stock: 2003662124
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

    • 74,095 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bend, OR / 1,711 miles away from Spring, TX

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Premium So...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFAY5F11LX928468
    Stock: LX928468H
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $34,490
    fair price
    $12 above market
    • 100,967 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Springfield, VA / 1,197 miles away from Spring, TX

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Satellite Radio,Tow Hitch,WiFi Hotspot,Steel Wheels,Bed Liner,Power Door Locks,Satellite...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFDY5F18LX890024
    Stock: 24654P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 164,539 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5'7” bed, 5.7l, 8cyl
    • Southern Preowned (15 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 15 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    14 Combined MPG (13 City/17 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TFDY5F18LX949542
    Stock: 949542
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-09-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 1,036 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota Tundra

Read recent reviews for the Toyota Tundra
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars44 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 44 reviews
  • 5 star
    (73%)
  • 4 star
    (18%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (2%)
4 out of 5 stars

Trying something new

James Y., 02/02/2020
2020 Toyota Tundra Limited 4dr CrewMax SB (5.7L 8cyl 6A)
Had 3 F150s with very few issues along the way, but the prices of the new ones are simply out of sight. So, I decided to give a Toyota a try this time around, given the lower price for similar equipment. I love the simplicity of the Toyota...no useless bling, baubles and eye candy...just a solid, good looking truck inside and out, with all the modern conveniences and a great … reliability track record. Yes, it feels a little dated and a bit less refined than some of its competitors, but it's a good, bulletproof, comfortable, capable, truck that does everything I need a truck to do. And, importantly, it was priced right. As someone else said, if you want bling and baubles, you won't find them here. I've had two trucks like that and found all the 'cool', whiz-bang, stuff to be interesting but largely unnecessary, overly complex, and certainly not worth the extra investment. They were solutions to problems I never had, and just added complexity, distraction, and often frustration. The Tundra has good, intuitive, easy to navigate features which add to my driving experience in meaningful ways. In addition, it's ridiculously off-road capable...far more than my other trucks. My only gripe is with the fuel mileage, but it's the price I'm willing to pay to drive a V8 with all the simplicity, torque and horsepower I prefer. Love the Tundra so far. It's different from what I'm used to, but not in bad ways. It's very off-road capable with all the bells and whistles I need to enjoy my commute and travels.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Toyota Tundra in Spring, TX Values

Estimated values
2022 Toyota Tundra SR5 4dr CrewMax SB w/5.5' Bed (3.5L 6cyl Turbo 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$27,699$29,720$31,833
Clean$27,266$29,214$31,247
Average$26,545$28,370$30,269
Rough$25,607$27,273$28,998

The average list price of a used 2022 Toyota Tundra in Spring, Texas is $40,746. The average mileage on a used Toyota Tundra 2022 for sale in Spring, Texas is 60,592. Based on the average mileage of 60,592 for used 2022 Toyota Tundra for sale in Spring, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Toyota Tundra 2022 in Spring, Texas to be $26,545.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.