Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
537 listings
  • $33,500
    good price
    $1,350 below market
    • 45,465 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Koons Ford Baltimore (34 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Baltimore, MD / 34 miles away from Frederick, MD

    RECALL NOTICE: Some vehicles offered for sale may be subject to unrepaired manufacturer safety recalls. To determine the recall status of a vehicle, v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADZ1B17NU113998
    Stock: KBFP220043
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

  • $25,995
    good price
    $1,217 below market
    • 43,186 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Premier Auto Imports - Waldorf Lot (57 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Waldorf, MD / 57 miles away from Frederick, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ABK1GG4JU097844
    Stock: 097844
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-12-2023

  • New Listing
    • 31,082 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WA to MD*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Spokane Valley, WA / 2,055 miles away from Frederick, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JTHBK1GG0J2262049
    Stock: 27013658
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $30,997
    fair price
    $56 above market
    • 77,192 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Ourisman Lexus of Rockville (22 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Rockville, MD / 22 miles away from Frederick, MD

    Certified. L/CERTIFIED, LOCALLY OWNED AND SERVICED WITH US, ONE OWNER, PREMIUM PKG, APPLE CAR PLAY/ANDROID AUTO, HEATED STEERING WHEEL, HEATED AND VEN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADZ1B15NU126443
    Stock: TU126443
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-28-2025

  • New Listing
    $23,590
    fair price
    $484 above market
    • 87,394 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 343 miles away from Frederick, MD

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ABK1GG0JU103347
    Stock: 2003853697
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

  • New Listing
    $32,990
    fair price
    $1,350 above market
    • 32,083 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 270 miles away from Frederick, MD

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADZ1B17LU054738
    Stock: 2003860811
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 49,644 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 2,280 miles away from Frederick, MD

    Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Satellite Radio,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,6-Speed A/T,A/C,ABS,Adaptive Cru...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ABK1GG0JU089658
    Stock: JU089658T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 12,817 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Lexus of Towson (42 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Towson, MD / 42 miles away from Frederick, MD

    Certified. CARFAX One-Owner. 2022 Lexus ES 350 Eminent White Pearl FWD 8-Speed Automatic 3.5L V6 DOHC 24V---L/CERTIFIED---, ---UNLIMITED MILE CERTIFIE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ACZ1B18NU121233
    Stock: BT1681
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

  • New Listing
    $34,700
    good price
    $1,845 below market
    • 30,567 miles
    • 22 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Lease Return Center (57 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Triangle, VA / 57 miles away from Frederick, MD

    **WE FINANCE**2022 LEXUS ES350 F-SPORT**NAVIGATION SYSTEM**ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL**BACK-UP CAMERA**BLIND SPOT MONITOR**BLUETOOTH**HEATED SEATS**KEYLE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58AGZ1B19NU127270
    Stock: NU127270
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $29,990
    fair price
    $1,172 above market
    • 57,072 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,955 miles away from Frederick, MD

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADZ1B13LU060486
    Stock: 2003895740
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-16-2025

  • New Listing
    • 71,073 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,171 miles away from Frederick, MD

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADZ1B19LU069340
    Stock: 2003891747
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

    • 29,898 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 1 owner, personal use
    • 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Kargar Motors (42 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 42 miles away from Frederick, MD

    BUYING A CAR HAS NEVER BEEN THIS EASY.We specialize in 100% GUARANTEED APPROVAL. BAD CREDIT, NO CREDIT, BANKRUPTCY, REPO, FORECLOSURE...NO PROBLEM. NO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADZ1B18NU116196
    Stock: KMM11880
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 60,062 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 22 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to MD*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,208 miles away from Frederick, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58AGZ1B11LU070527
    Stock: 27419435
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    $32,890
    fair price
    $706 above market
    • 29,772 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Criswell Acura (54 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Annapolis, MD / 54 miles away from Frederick, MD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADZ1B12LU059829
    Stock: PL8007A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

    • 93,900 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Aren Auto Group (32 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Chantilly, VA / 32 miles away from Frederick, MD

    2018 Lexus ES 350, Base 4dr Sedan, 93K MILES FOR $17999 VIN 58ABK1GG9JU101547 CLEAN TITLE FINANCING AVAILABLE HABLAMOS ESPANL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ABK1GG9JU101547
    Stock: FU101547
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 4,981 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 22 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 549 miles away from Frederick, MD

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58AGZ1B16LU057384
    Stock: 2003861419
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • $22,998
    fair price
    $338 above market
    • 91,677 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to MD*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Stockbridge, GA / 555 miles away from Frederick, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ABK1GG5JU080910
    Stock: 27128805
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $23,998
    fair price
    $308 above market
    • 62,808 miles
    • 21 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to MD*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Doral, FL / 955 miles away from Frederick, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ABK1GG3JU087757
    Stock: 27635134
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 17,849 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,380 miles away from Frederick, MD

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADZ1B15LU072767
    Stock: 2003862254
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

  • New Listing
    • 74,800 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 748 miles away from Frederick, MD

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ACZ1B18LU075383
    Stock: 2003798719
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

  • New Listing
    $33,998
    fair price
    $445 below market
    • 19,340 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NY to MD*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in East Meadow, NY / 223 miles away from Frederick, MD

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 58ADZ1B17LU066095
    Stock: 27466042
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 106 - 126 out of 537 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Lexus ES 350

Read recent reviews for the Lexus ES 350
Overall Consumer Rating
3.9 out of 5 stars95 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 95 reviews
  • 5 star
    (52%)
  • 4 star
    (13%)
  • 3 star
    (17%)
  • 2 star
    (12%)
  • 1 star
    (7%)
3 out of 5 stars

Great Ride - Stereo and Technology Unusable!

Chris H., 03/15/2019
2019 Lexus ES 350 4dr Sedan (3.5L 6cyl 8A)
Still one of the quietist and smoothest riding cars out there. However, Lexus's idea of technology is a joke and virtually unusable. I've heard better car stereos in cars that cost a third of the ES350. Lexus should be ashamed of themselves for putting a stereo so flawed that you don't even want to listen to it. My last ES350 (2016) had a stereo that wasn't great, but I could at … least center the music in the car. This new model (2019), I have the fade and balance all the way to the back left of the car and I can still only hear the music coming from the front windshield. And, "no", there is nothing wrong with it. This is the way they built it. I can only imagine the audio genius that put this stereo in the car only listens to talk radio. Between the weak tech and the awful stereo system, this may be my breaking point with Lexus moving forward.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Lexus ES 350 in Frederick, MD Values

Estimated values
2022 Lexus ES 350 4dr Sedan (3.5L 6cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$26,776$28,825$30,968
Clean$26,328$28,311$30,380
Average$25,581$27,452$29,400
Rough$24,611$26,337$28,126

The average list price of a used 2022 Lexus ES 350 in Frederick, Maryland is $29,866. The average mileage on a used Lexus ES 350 2022 for sale in Frederick, Maryland is 48,698. Based on the average mileage of 48,698 for used 2022 Lexus ES 350 for sale in Frederick, MD and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Lexus ES 350 2022 in Frederick, Maryland to be $25,581.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.