Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
3,151 listings
  • New Listing
    • 100,708 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 710 miles away from Springfield, MO

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVAKW9KJ252763
    Stock: 2003812196
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $22,044
    fair price
    $347 below market
    • 81,141 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Wyatt-Johnson Toyota (336 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Clarksville, TN / 336 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Third Row Seat, Heated Seats, Nav System, Moonroof, Rear Air, Power Liftgate, Quad Bucket Seats, Aluminum Wheels, AUDIO SYSTEM, BUICK INFOTAINMENT SYS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERDKW4KJ118667
    Stock: TKJ118667T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

  • $20,900
    fair price
    $63 above market
    • 61,551 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • H & N Chevrolet Buick (417 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Spencer, IA / 417 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVAKW3KJ200867
    Stock: 0867
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

    • 112,106 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Jack Powell Ford (409 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mineral Wells, TX / 409 miles away from Springfield, MO

    This 2019 Buick Enclave Avenir in Satin Steel Metallic comes with the following features: 3.6L V6 SIDI VVT 9-Speed Automatic FWD Avenir Package (120-V...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERDKW9KJ276132
    Stock: Z63A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

  • $25,998
    fair price
    $623 above market
    • 62,086 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Memphis (242 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 242 miles away from Springfield, MO

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERBKW2MJ129772
    Stock: 24059965
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $17,995
    fair price
    $279 above market
    • 109,523 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • D & R Auto Sales (396 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in South Sioux City, NE / 396 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVAKW4KJ124396
    Stock: 124396
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • New Listing
    $23,998
    fair price
    $176 above market
    • 52,050 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to MO*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bakersfield, CA / 1,434 miles away from Springfield, MO

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERBKW1KJ238561
    Stock: 27006889
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,900
    fair price
    $303 above market
    • 75,597 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Hi-Way Chevrolet Buick (440 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Rock Valley, IA / 440 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Enclave Premium 4D SUV AWD

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVBKW4KJ225881
    Stock: KJ225881
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

  • $17,995
    fair price
    $713 above market
    • 111,825 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Howard's Auto Sales (496 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Elkhart, IN / 496 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVAKW1KJ125876
    Stock: 4498
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

  • $19,991
    fair price
    $599 above market
    • 123,464 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Price LeBlanc Lexus (493 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Baton Rouge, LA / 493 miles away from Springfield, MO

    BARGAIN BUYS ARE NON NEGOTIABLE UNITS DUE TO AGE/MILEAGE/AVAILIBILITYThis 2019 Buick Enclave Avenir AWD in elegant White Frost Tricoat with a rich Che...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVCKW7KJ143102
    Stock: BU143102
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $16,941
    fair price
    $638 below market
    • 86,292 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Alton Blakley Ford Lincoln (479 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Somerset, KY / 479 miles away from Springfield, MO

    This Satin Steel Metallic 2019 Buick Enclave Essence located at Alton Blakley Ford is ready for immediate delivery. If you decide to speak with one of...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERBKW1KJ214468
    Stock: KJ214468
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

    • 63,984 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Dallas (365 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 365 miles away from Springfield, MO

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERBKW6MJ157218
    Stock: 2003707360
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    $12,400
    fair price
    $810 above market
    • 118,709 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • South Pointe Chevrolet (166 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Tulsa, OK / 166 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Heated Seats, 3rd Row Seat, Remote Engine Start, Onboard Communications System, Rear Air, Power Liftgate, Back-Up Camera, AUDIO SYSTEM, COLOR TOUCH RA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAKRBKD2HJ323967
    Stock: HJ323967
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • New Listing
    $17,546
    fair price
    $209 below market
    • 99,750 miles
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Orr Nissan of Searcy (163 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Searcy, AR / 163 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVAKW0KJ287742
    Stock: 20018A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-18-2025

  • $24,488
    fair price
    $370 above market
    • 73,027 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Kudick Chevrolet (484 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Mauston, WI / 484 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVCKW5KJ270866
    Stock: 25145A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • $17,988
    fair price
    $269 below market
    • 92,414 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Fenton Nissan (213 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mcalester, OK / 213 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERBKW9KJ260906
    Stock: KJ260906
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • Price Drop
    $29,508
    fair price
    $604 above market
    • 43,668 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Piles Chevrolet (485 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dry Ridge, KY / 485 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Red Quartz Tintcoat 2021 Buick EnclavePremium Group FWD 9-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 SIDI VVTFWD.Odometer is 20646 miles below market average! 18/26 ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERCKW9MJ158613
    Stock: 1113
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

    • 62,079 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Brothers Auto Sales (424 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 424 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVAKW5KJ287350
    Stock: 287350
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

  • $31,990
    fair price
    $418 above market
    • 48,312 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Hubler Acura (422 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Greenwood, IN / 422 miles away from Springfield, MO

    CARFAX 1-Owner, ONLY 48,312 Miles! FUEL EFFICIENT 25 MPG Hwy/17 MPG City! Nav System, Heated Leather Seats, Moonroof, Third Row Seat, Rear Air, Power ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVBKW3MJ245154
    Stock: 24470A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $17,289
    fair price
    $356 above market
    • 117,097 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Green Nissan (259 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Springfield, IL / 259 miles away from Springfield, MO

    This vehicle won't be on the lot long! It delivers style and power in a single package! This model accommodates 7 passengers comfortably, and provides...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVAKW3KJ152240
    Stock: N24794B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-16-2025

  • New Listing
    $24,988
    fair price
    $1,068 above market
    • 75,946 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Bud Weiser Chevrolet (430 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Beloit, WI / 430 miles away from Springfield, MO

    White Frost Tricoat 2019 Buick Enclave Avenir Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 1753 miles below market average!AWD.Bud Weiser Motors is a Beloit and Janesvil...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVCKW6KJ199807
    Stock: P2403B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

Showing 232 - 252 out of 3,151 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Buick Enclave

Read recent reviews for the Buick Enclave
Overall Consumer Rating
3.4 out of 5 stars41 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 41 reviews
  • 5 star
    (41%)
  • 4 star
    (17%)
  • 3 star
    (10%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (24%)
1 out of 5 stars

Enclave Transmission is still a Lemon

Gary Smith, 01/08/2019
2019 Buick Enclave Premium 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl 9A)
A new transmission was installed by the dealer (Banks Chevrolet-Concord, NH) who provided outstanding service with our lemon. The original transmission failed and was replaced with a new transmission. Approximately 1 month later the second transmission developed a chuggling noise and is clunky and does not shift smoothly on hills going both up and down. I strongly recommend avoiding … Buick's with this transmission! I bought a 2019 Enclave in October 2019. Immediately experienced transmission surging while driving down my moderately sloping driveway. Then on Dec 20,2018 I could not go over 27 mph nor shift gears. Towed by dealer to their shop and told they had to order a new transmission from N. Dakota if available. Which leads me to suspect that new transmissions must be in demand due to being a chronic problem. Web searching indicates 2018's had same problem and the 2019's have the same model number transmission as the 2018's. Hope to not have to go the Lemon Law route. Dealer has been very good. GMC, I am not so sure! You would think they would have corrected the transmission problems for the 2019 models, unless they had use up their transmission inventory.
Report abuse

Used 2019 Buick Enclave in Springfield, MO Values

Estimated values
2019 Buick Enclave Essence 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl 9A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$15,612$17,801$19,747
Clean$15,136$17,254$19,135
Average$14,343$16,342$18,115
Rough$13,312$15,157$16,788

The average list price of a used 2019 Buick Enclave in Springfield, Missouri is $21,197. The average mileage on a used Buick Enclave 2019 for sale in Springfield, Missouri is 84,349. Based on the average mileage of 84,349 for used 2019 Buick Enclave for sale in Springfield, MO and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Buick Enclave 2019 in Springfield, Missouri to be $14,343.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.