Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,743 listings
  • $19,100
    great price
    $4,401 below market
    • 73,039 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Napleton's Palm Beach Acura (246 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in West Palm Beach, FL / 246 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    2019 Acura MDX 4D Sport Utility 3.5L Majestic Black Pearl 3.5L V6 SOHC i-VTEC 24V FWD 9-Speed AutomaticMDX 3.5L, 4D Sport Utility, 3.5L V6 SOHC i-VTE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H31KL004956
    Stock: SL005048A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • $18,995
    great price
    $4,362 below market
    • 75,174 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Lexus of Tampa Bay (116 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 116 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    MoonroofLeather Seats3rd Row SeatCanyon Bronze MetallicLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear SpoilerEbony; Premium Leather-Trimmed InteriorTh...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H3XKL005376
    Stock: KL005376
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    $19,495
    great price
    $3,632 below market
    • 78,595 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Warren Henry INFINITI (293 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in North Miami, FL / 293 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H32KL011091
    Stock: MKL011091T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • $26,900
    great price
    $2,737 below market
    • 57,137 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (71 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 71 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Ke...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H85KL005684
    Stock: KL005684P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • Price Drop
    $23,995
    good price
    $2,657 below market
    • 53,402 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Mercedes-Benz of Miami (291 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 291 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new pair of tires! MoonroofLeather Seats3rd Row SeatLane Keeping AssistKeyless Sta...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H35KL027405
    Stock: KL027405
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

  • $24,021
    good price
    $893 below market
    • 62,880 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Volvo Cars of Tampa (116 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 116 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Clean CARFAX. 2019 Acura MDX 3.5L Technology Package 3.5L V6 SOHC i-VTEC 24V FWD 9-Speed Automatic Gray Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! 20/27 Ci...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H53KL003499
    Stock: TKL003499
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 48,164 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • AutoNation Honda Clearwater (123 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Clearwater, FL / 123 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation System3rd Row SeatLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear SpoilerCooled Front Seat(S)This vehicle includes a Mo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (26 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD7H78KL001188
    Stock: KL001188
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • Price Drop
    $24,000
    fair price
    $214 below market
    • 69,975 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Mullinax Ford of Vero Beach (187 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Vero Beach, FL / 187 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    **BACK-UP CAMERA**, **BLIND SPOT MONITOR!**, **BLUETOOTH**, **NAVIGATION!**, **POWER LIFTGATE**, **LEATHER SEATING**, **PRE-COLLISION ASSIST**, **PUSH...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H58KL009105
    Stock: 9105
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • $21,995
    good price
    $2,036 below market
    • 65,143 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • AutoNation Ford Margate (271 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Margate, FL / 271 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    MoonroofLeather Seats3rd Row SeatLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear SpoilerWhite Diamond PearlThis vehicle includes a Money-Back Guarantee*...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H33KL000035
    Stock: KL000035
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,076
    fair price
    $636 below market
    • 81,723 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Gainesville Mazda (3 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Gainesville, FL / 3 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    KBB.com Brand Image Awards. Delivers 26 Highway MPG and 19 City MPG! This Acura MDX boasts a Premium Unleaded V-6 3.5 L/212 engine powering this Autom...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H82KL003736
    Stock: TR10353A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-28-2025

  • Price Drop
    $24,997
    good price
    $1,235 below market
    • 62,744 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Rick Case Acura (280 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Plantation, FL / 280 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H52KL018078
    Stock: TKL018078
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    $19,580
    good price
    $1,305 below market
    • 106,295 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Westgate Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram (478 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 478 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    2019 Acura MDX 3.5L SH-AWD - Luxury, performance, and versatility all in one.The 2019 Acura MDX 3.5L SH-AWD is a premium midsize SUV that blends pow...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H36KL032371
    Stock: 29567Q
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    $26,562
    good price
    $823 below market
    • 37,831 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • AutoNation Toyota Pinellas Park (128 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Pinellas Park, FL / 128 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation System3rd Row SeatMajestic Black PearlLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartRear SpoilerEspresso; Perforated Premium...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H59KL003555
    Stock: KL003555
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    $26,900
    fair price
    $86 below market
    • 41,881 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Phil Smith Acura (275 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Pompano Beach, FL / 275 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Recent Arrival! CARFAX One-Owner. Odometer is 18896 miles below market average!Graystone w/Premium Leather-Trimmed Interior, 10 Speakers, 3rd row s...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H5XKL010840
    Stock: SL004294A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-30-2025

  • $23,998
    fair price
    $232 below market
    • 69,819 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax Ft. Myers (215 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Myers, FL / 215 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H59KL005693
    Stock: 27312844
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $25,998
    fair price
    $699 below market
    • 56,701 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Mercedes-Benz of Sarasota (167 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sarasota, FL / 167 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new brakes and new pair of tires! MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation System3rd Row Sea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H57KL035586
    Stock: KL035586
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • $22,787
    good price
    $1,296 below market
    • 102,232 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (88 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sanford, FL / 88 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Ke...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H85KL016383
    Stock: KL016383
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $23,991
    fair price
    $436 below market
    • 97,899 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Lexus of Jacksonville (67 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 67 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H88KL000744
    Stock: JS033415A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

    • 130,451 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Gerald Jones Mazda (265 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Martinez, GA / 265 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    2019 Acura MDX 3.5L Technology Package White 3.5L V6 SOHC i-VTEC 24VLeather.We at Gerald Jones Auto Group extend our heartfelt gratitude to our c...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H57KL011167
    Stock: 498880A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • $28,900
    fair price
    $383 above market
    • 41,568 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (71 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 71 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Low Mileage,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Star...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD3H50KL011933
    Stock: KL011933A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

  • $28,994
    fair price
    $725 above market
    • 59,097 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Crossroads INFINITI of Raleigh (482 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 482 miles away from Gainesville, FL

    2019 Acura MDX SH-AWDEbony Leather, Power Liftgate, Power moonroof.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD4H07KL021983
    Stock: PU1983
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-06-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 1,743 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Acura MDX

Read recent reviews for the Acura MDX
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars38 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 38 reviews
  • 5 star
    (66%)
  • 4 star
    (13%)
  • 3 star
    (5%)
  • 2 star
    (8%)
  • 1 star
    (8%)
5 out of 5 stars

Still solid after 4 years, 36k

Tom, 02/10/2019
2019 Acura MDX SH-AWD 4dr SUV AWD (3.5L 6cyl 9A)
Solid proven well appointed, good size, excellent technology package, 20 inch tires, very comfortable. Beats my Mercedes ml class. No real extras. best price thru Edmunds After4 years and 36k, not a single problem. Great
Report abuse

Used 2019 Acura MDX in Gainesville, FL Values

Estimated values
2019 Acura MDX 4dr SUV (3.5L 6cyl 9A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$20,974$23,161$25,103
Clean$20,531$22,668$24,565
Average$19,794$21,847$23,668
Rough$18,835$20,780$22,502

The average list price of a used 2019 Acura MDX in Gainesville, Florida is $24,216. The average mileage on a used Acura MDX 2019 for sale in Gainesville, Florida is 70,083. Based on the average mileage of 70,083 for used 2019 Acura MDX for sale in Gainesville, FL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Acura MDX 2019 in Gainesville, Florida to be $19,794.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.