Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,126 listings
  • New Listing
    • 54,293 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from WI to TN*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Madison, WI / 524 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW267AJXGM264757
    Stock: 26711055
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 57,308 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to TN*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 764 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW267AJ8GM394827
    Stock: 27444998
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 77,229 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to TN*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 661 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWD67AJXGM318597
    Stock: 27349035
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 102,330 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OR to TN*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Salem, OR / 2,005 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWD67AJ8GM356488
    Stock: 26834749
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 58,188 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from KS to TN*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Merriam, KS / 504 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW267AJ9GM279735
    Stock: 27613018
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 104,703 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TN*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Modesto, CA / 1,908 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWD67AJ7GM403428
    Stock: 27359152
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 99,277 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TN*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Buena Park, CA / 1,789 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW4T7AJ5GM244806
    Stock: 27453654
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 81,208 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to TN*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Davie, FL / 766 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW167AJ7GM371731
    Stock: 27731119
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 85,708 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OK to TN*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 622 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW267AJ4GM220298
    Stock: 27179051
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 85,484 miles
    • 25 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Nashville (27 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 27 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWD17AJXEM306722
    Stock: 25203640
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 124,149 miles
    • 4 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 30 City / 42 Hwy MPG
    • United Auto Gallery (191 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Lilburn, GA / 191 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    34 Combined MPG (30 City/42 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWLL7AJ5EM430113
    Stock: V430113
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 90,229 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 25 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Rivergate (35 mi away)
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    • Aux Audio Inputs
    Close

    Located in Madison, TN / 35 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWD17AJ9EM366765
    Stock: 26484484
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 79,512 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • Volkswagen of North Nashville (35 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Madison, TN / 35 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    2016 Volkswagen Jetta 1.4T STitan Black w/Cloth Seat Trim. Odometer is 3825 miles below market average!Carlock Volkswagen of North Nashville is proud ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW267AJ5GM360585
    Stock: VV036652A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

    • 79,361 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • Volkswagen of North Nashville (35 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Madison, TN / 35 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    2016 Volkswagen Jetta 1.4T STitan Black w/Cloth Seat Trim. Odometer is 4594 miles below market average!Carlock Volkswagen of North Nashville is excite...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW267AJ9GM377809
    Stock: VV033783A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

  • $6,998
    fair price
    $1,223 below market
    • 123,990 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Gwinnett Car Care Sales (189 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Lawrenceville, GA / 189 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWL17AJ7EM213152
    Stock: 2386
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $8,450
    fair price
    $615 below market
    • 118,924 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 28 City / 38 Hwy MPG
    • MC Auto Mart (27 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Hermitage, TN / 27 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/38 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW2B7AJ8JM240461
    Stock: 240461
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 46,967 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 1,415 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW267AJ5GM378049
    Stock: 2003875429
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

  • New Listing
    • 106,931 miles
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to TN*
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 538 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW267AJ9GM325760
    Stock: 27497846
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 63,844 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 831 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VW267AJ1GM288011
    Stock: 2003866070
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

    • 86,702 miles
    • Issue reported, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 25 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Madison, WI / 522 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Satellite Radio,Turbo/Supercharged,4 Cylin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWD17AJ8GM276610
    Stock: GM276610
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 66,729 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 28 City / 39 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,926 miles away from Murfreesboro, TN

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    32 Combined MPG (28 City/39 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3VWD67AJ9GM261762
    Stock: 2003856469
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-30-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 1,126 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Volkswagen Jetta

Read recent reviews for the Volkswagen Jetta
Overall Consumer Rating
4.3 out of 5 stars90 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 90 reviews
  • 5 star
    (67%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (7%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (8%)
5 out of 5 stars

What a value!

Matt, 01/18/2016
2016 Volkswagen Jetta 1.8T Sport PZEV 4dr Sedan (1.8L 4cyl Turbo 5M)
Second Update: I sold the car in May of 2017 in favor of an e-Golf. The car was great right up until the day I sold it. Update: After a year of ownership, I still think this car is tremendous value. The car is fun to drive, and the "Sport" suspension is actually a GLI suspension, which explains the improved grip going around corners. So far, no out-of-routine maintenance issues, … and the engine revs happily and smoothly. Tire wear is pretty average, I lost about 3.5/32nds of tread in the last 10000 miles. Let's see how it holds up this year! This car is of tremendous value. I have no idea what Edmunds was thinking, but my Jetta Sport MT is by far the best value I have seen in its class. While the MSRP is high, the dealer incentives and negotiating ability can easily knock the price down on this car anywhere from 3k-6k depending on your geographic location. My car just barely exceeded $18,500 after negotiations and VW Credit incentives, and has a 2-tone leatherette interior, really nice sport rims, a deck lid spoiler, navigation, CarPlay, and one of the best touch screens I have seen in the automotive market. It has a backup camera and all the other bells and whistles competitors have. Driving wise, the manual transmission is a medium throw that has very positive engagement, and the car's grip to the road is solid to say the least. The engine. The 1.8T is in my opinion VW's best value of money and delivers an exceeding satisfying punch in the back off the line. The steering, however, is dull and totally disconnected from the road. This isn't a deal breaker, especially with all of the other equipment packed into this bargain car. The trunk is ENORMOUS. The seats are hugging, soft, heated, and comfortable. The rear seats have a 60/40 split fold and even have a ski shoot in the middle. What more do you want from a car? For $18,500, you'd be hard pressed to find an LX civic with half the equipment in this car. We'll see how the reliability is, but for the life of my lease I'm not concerned. My advice is to skip the SE and SEL, and go straight to the sport model for the best value in the market. You won't regret your decision!
Report abuse

Used 2016 Volkswagen Jetta in Murfreesboro, TN Values

Estimated values
2016 Volkswagen Jetta 1.4T S w/Technology 4dr Sedan (1.4L 4cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$4,844$8,190$10,570
Clean$4,616$7,784$10,020
Average$4,236$7,107$9,102
Rough$3,742$6,227$7,909

The average list price of a used 2016 Volkswagen Jetta in Murfreesboro, Tennessee is $12,466. The average mileage on a used Volkswagen Jetta 2016 for sale in Murfreesboro, Tennessee is 85,384. Based on the average mileage of 85,384 for used 2016 Volkswagen Jetta for sale in Murfreesboro, TN and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Volkswagen Jetta 2016 in Murfreesboro, Tennessee to be $4,236.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.