Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
329 listings
  • Price Drop
    • 17,197 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Lexus of Stevens Creek (9 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in San Jose, CA / 9 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    2023 Highlander Hybrid Toyota Bronze Edition GraySunroof/Moonroof, Blindspot Monitor, 2.5L I4 PDI Hybrid DOHC 16V LEV3-SULEV30.AWD eCVT 2.5L I4 PD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDABRCH0PS109361
    Stock: 3T11030
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 13,866 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Capitol Expressway (15 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in San Jose, CA / 15 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKBRCH7PS583974
    Stock: 27236344
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 11,475 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 2,413 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDBBRCHXMS536482
    Stock: 2003712964
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • New Listing
    • 11,788 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Fairfield (58 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fairfield, CA / 58 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDEBRCH3PS109162
    Stock: 27296345
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 6,773 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in New York City, NY / 2,559 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDBBRCH9MS517700
    Stock: 2003758399
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

  • New Listing
    $48,998
    fair price
    $105 below market
    • 11,064 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NJ to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sicklersville, NJ / 2,519 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDEBRCH7MS062357
    Stock: 27109988
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 23,724 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Fremont (9 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Fremont, CA / 9 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKBRCH9PS584821
    Stock: 27529960
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 20,046 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OR to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Milwaukie, OR / 555 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDEBRCH2MS019285
    Stock: 27434435
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 46,223 miles
    • 7 Seats, 36 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to CA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Garland, TX / 1,465 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (36 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDGARAH5MS011051
    Stock: 27325340
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 77,462 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 36 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Toyota of Santa Cruz (30 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Capitola, CA / 30 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    36/35 City/Highway MPGRecent Arrival! Certified. ONE OWNER CLEAN CAR FAX, NON RENTAL, HARD TO FIND, 4D Sport Utility, 2.5L I4 PDI Hybrid DOHC 16V LEV3...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (36 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDZARAH7MS509440
    Stock: MS509440P
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • New Listing
    Photos not available
    $44,199
    fair price
    $215 above market
    • 32,578 miles
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Cadillac Of South San Francisco (28 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Colma, CA / 28 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    This 2023 Grat Toyota Highlander Hybrid XLE AWD is well equipped and includes these features and benefits: 2.5L I4 PDI Hybrid DOHC 16V LEV3-SULEV30, 1...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDKBRCH5PS562802
    Stock: 23TOY0902U
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

  • New Listing
    • 25,735 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OR to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Beaverton, OR / 557 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDGBRCH4MS065547
    Stock: 27075428
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 26,239 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 947 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDHBRCH2MS528855
    Stock: 27491457
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 56,734 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Jimmy Vasser Toyota (62 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Napa, CA / 62 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Certified. White 2023 Toyota Highlander Hybrid Platinum AWD eCVT 2.5L I4 PDI Hybrid DOHC 16V LEV3-SULEV30 *CARFAX 1 OW...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDEBRCH0PS114867
    Stock: T250664A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • New Listing
    • 34,991 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Parker, CO / 946 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDBBRCH1MS536760
    Stock: 26700246
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $35,998
    fair price
    $857 above market
    • 37,207 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MD to CA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 2,432 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDBBRCH8MS058174
    Stock: 27248649
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 40,082 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 36 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to CA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in El Paso, TX / 977 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (36 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDGARAH7MS006000
    Stock: 27401938
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 40,171 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 36 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to CA*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in El Paso, TX / 977 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    36 Combined MPG (36 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDFARAH5MS006993
    Stock: 26701336
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 96,118 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 35 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 623 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDHBRCH6MS518278
    Stock: 2003728153
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

  • New Listing
    • 87,169 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 623 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDEBRCH3MS019909
    Stock: 2003767294
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

  • New Listing
    • 44,486 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 35 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 2,153 miles away from Mountain View, CA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    35 Combined MPG (35 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5TDXBRCH6MS024031
    Stock: 2003768516
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

Showing 127 - 147 out of 329 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Toyota Highlander Hybrid

Read recent reviews for the Toyota Highlander Hybrid
Overall Consumer Rating
4.8 out of 5 stars8 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 8 reviews
  • 5 star
    (75%)
  • 4 star
    (25%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

An exceptional vehicle

hayguy, 02/07/2015
2015 Toyota Highlander Hybrid Limited 4dr SUV AWD (3.5L 6cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT)
I now have 4,000 miles on my 2015 Highlander Hybrid. I traded in my Avalon Hybrid (a fantastic car) to gain AWD and more room for travel. This is an extremely well thought out vehicle. It is very quiet, quick and very comfortable. The new generation info/entertainment system is excellent. The latest navigation system is accurate and easy to use. My wife drives a late Lexus RX 350. … The Highlander Hybrid is every bit its equal and in some respects superior. In both city and highway driving it has no trouble meeting and exceeding the EPA mileage estimates. It is an exceptional long distance driver. The third seat is for kids (or adults you don't like) but it is handy when needed.
Report abuse

Used 2023 Toyota Highlander Hybrid in Mountain View, CA Values

Estimated values
2023 Toyota Highlander Hybrid Bronze Edition 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl gas/electric hybrid CVT) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$35,024$37,885$41,116
Clean$34,586$37,371$40,514
Average$33,854$36,513$39,512
Rough$32,904$35,399$38,209

The average list price of a used 2023 Toyota Highlander Hybrid in Mountain View, California is $43,198. The average mileage on a used Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2023 for sale in Mountain View, California is 36,244. Based on the average mileage of 36,244 for used 2023 Toyota Highlander Hybrid for sale in Mountain View, CA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2023 in Mountain View, California to be $33,854.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.