Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
285 listings
  • Stock photo**
    • 104,241 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Raceway Motors (95 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Lufkin, TX / 95 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCGG3JT335703
    Stock: 15654A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-12-2025

    • 89,239 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Minter Auto Sales (31 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 31 miles away from Spring, TX

    We've been a family owned and operated dealership since 1955. Financing is offered in our local area. All prices on this web site are subject to chang...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCBB7JT157760
    Stock: 42920VIN 3C4PDCBB7JT157760
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-10-2024

  • New Listing
    • 138,371 miles
    • No accidents, 6 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Minter Auto Sales (31 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 31 miles away from Spring, TX

    The 2012 Journey has an EPA estimated fuel rating of 22 MPG combined. This baby is going to fly off the lot at this price. Tinted windows are perfect ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB0CT340843
    Stock: 43144RVIN 3C4PDCAB0CT340843
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

  • New Listing
    • 94,192 miles
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from El Paso, TX*
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in El Paso, TX / 656 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCGG6JT378724
    Stock: 26102357
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 95,109 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to TX*
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Warner Robins, GA / 714 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCABXJT243551
    Stock: 26409385
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 125,698 miles
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Newsed Auto (23 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 23 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCBB2KT833887
    Stock: 833887
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 84,105 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Fabela's Auto Sales (48 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Dickinson, TX / 48 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCBB6JT523885
    Stock: 765
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 172,822 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Paz Auto Sales (28 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Trip Computer
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 28 miles away from Spring, TX

    Air Conditioning; Power Windows; Power Locks; Power Steering; Tilt Wheel; AM/FM CD/MP3; Sentry Key; Keyless Entry; Available; Dual Front Airbags; S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB5CT226840
    Stock: 226840
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2024

  • Photos not available
    • Not provided
    • 1 accident, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • B & M Car Co (17 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Conroe, TX / 17 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCBB7CT393280
    Stock: 393280
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-26-2025

    • 148,654 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Thrifty Motors (21 mi away)
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 21 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB0JT303434
    Stock: 303434
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-06-2025

    • 101,034 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Minter Auto Sales (31 mi away)
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 31 miles away from Spring, TX

    We've been a family owned and operated dealership since 1955. Financing is offered in our local area. All prices on this web site are subject to chang...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB8JT274684
    Stock: 42880VIN 3C4PDCAB8JT274684
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-26-2024

    • 161,186 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Auto Leads (31 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Pasadena, TX / 31 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCBB1KT868095
    Stock: 868095
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

    • 92,882 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Fredy Car For Less - 9522 North Freeway (12 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 12 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCEG2KT680970
    Stock: 680970
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-17-2024

  • New Listing
    • 52,418 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from Irving, TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Irving, TX / 210 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCBG8KT853301
    Stock: 27172017
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 106,855 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • autoMERC (10 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 10 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCEG4KT717419
    Stock: 2194
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-28-2025

    • 88,168 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • I Drive Auto Sales (27 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 27 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCEG5KT716876
    Stock: 168876
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 107,111 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from El Paso, TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in El Paso, TX / 656 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCBB8KT798532
    Stock: 26701752
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    • 125,394 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • B & M Car Co (17 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Conroe, TX / 17 miles away from Spring, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDDEG6KT784710
    Stock: 784710
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-05-2024

  • New Listing
    • 35,671 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from Fort Worth, TX*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 212 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCBB5KT815996
    Stock: 26447474
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $16,990
    fair price
    $11 below market
    • 50,513 miles
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 693 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCBG5KT701380
    Stock: 2003502109
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    $17,590
    fair price
    $1,215 above market
    • 45,365 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 920 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCBB9KT821400
    Stock: 2003649774
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-20-2025

Showing 190 - 210 out of 285 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Dodge Journey

Read recent reviews for the Dodge Journey
Overall Consumer Rating
3.2 out of 5 stars48 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 48 reviews
  • 5 star
    (31%)
  • 4 star
    (19%)
  • 3 star
    (15%)
  • 2 star
    (15%)
  • 1 star
    (21%)
4 out of 5 stars

2015 Journey SXT V6

burdawg, 10/26/2014
2015 Dodge Journey SXT 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl 6A)
After much consideration I went with the Journey SXT FWD with v6/6 speed transaxle. Others considered: Hyundai Santa Fe: Almost 6K more in cost with a rebate of only 1K. Not 6K better in my opinion. Jeep Cherokee: Rougher ride, also quite a bit more costly but better incentives. Could be a better choice if off-road capability is your priority. You need to get past those ugly slit … headlights though. Ford Escape: Smaller and more pricey, lower incentives. I was lost with all the buttons and levers on the steering wheel. The touchscreen display if complicated and difficult to navigate. Plus my wife didn't care for it. I read the Journey review on Edmunds and don't 100% agree with it. Update: After owning the Journey for about 1.5 years I still feel about the same. It's very versatile, rides good, has plenty of power & storage. I agree that the six speed transaxle could be a little more responsive when downshifting is needed. I use the auto stick a lot when descending mountain grades ( I live at about 5600' elevation in the spring & summer months) to help decelerating so I can stay off the brakes. I haven't seen the need for it when ascending though, the transaxle is responsive enough even though you may feel the need to throttle it a little harder from time to time to promote a downshift. It's a minor quirk. It's been in the service bay only once besides regular maintenance for a recall on the antilock brake harness. The fuel mileage isn't as good as some of the competitors, but that wasn't a big factor for me. I knew going in that the Journey is larger and heavier than most of the competition (it's almost as large as my older Durango). Update on 10/27/2016: Mileage is now 21887. I still feel about the same as my above rating with one difference. The Kumho Solus KH16 tires are wearing out quickly. The wear is especially bad on the outer edges of the tires. I thought it was due to the alignment but that isn't the case. Evidently I'm not the only person to have this problem since I've read other complaints about this same issue. Supposedly Kumho builds these tires especially for Dodge and they use a different rubber blend than they do on the standard Solus that you can buy at tire stores. It's reported that the blend is softer to produce a quieter ride. I don't know if that is the case or not, but I'll replace them with a different brand when needed. For now it seems that if I run them at a higher pressure (40psi as opposed to 36psi recommended) it has helped. Update 10/272017 Mileage is right at 30,000. No big changes. I did replace the Kumho tires with Michelins recently. It turned out the alignment was off, so maybe the Kumho's weren't the total problem. It's a workhorse, I've loaded it up to the gills in back several times and it handles the load fine. I didn't get the cross bars for the roof rack when I bought it new but I did get aftermarket ones (same as factory) since I had need to use the roof rack. It's been reliable. The only difference now is I should have considered the Durango a little more. There's been times when I could have used the extra room, although the Journey isn't much smaller. Update 10/30/2018 Mileage is around 40,000. No big changes again. I took a long trip this summer through central California to northern Oregon and averaged 27 mpg which I felt is quite good considering we were loaded most of the time. I had another recall for an air bag issue but it was just for BCM reprogramming which only took about 20 minutes. I had to replace the left seat (drivers seat) left side cover because it broke and was very loose. The part was $43 and I changed it myself. The new tires are wearing fine so I guess the original issue was the alignment. Update 10/31/2019 Mileage is 53986. We had our first non maintenance repair last spring. The check engine light was on so I took it in for diagnosis (after checking all the normal things, gas cap loose, etc). It turned out the oil pressure sender was showing oil pressure all the time even when it wasn't running. I had looked at the DIC before taking it in and the oil pressure was good while running. It was about a $400 repair that I paid for since I'm out of warranty. Other than that all has been well. The interior is holding up well (cloth seats, a lot cooler in the Arizona summers) and the outside still looks new. It's garaged most of the time. We aren't using the Journey as much as in the past since we bought a Chevy Colorado last winter. Well it's been 10 years. 87,783 miles. Still going strong, regular maintenance only. Just replaced the tires again.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Dodge Journey in Spring, TX Values

Estimated values
2018 Dodge Journey Crossroad 4dr SUV (3.6L 6cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$7,194$9,943$12,215
Clean$6,906$9,533$11,697
Average$6,426$8,850$10,833
Rough$5,802$7,961$9,711

The average list price of a used 2018 Dodge Journey in Spring, Texas is $13,532. The average mileage on a used Dodge Journey 2018 for sale in Spring, Texas is 100,951. Based on the average mileage of 100,951 for used 2018 Dodge Journey for sale in Spring, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Dodge Journey 2018 in Spring, Texas to be $6,426.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.