Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,067 listings
  • $20,999
    good price
    $2,215 below market
    • 115,193 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Checker Flag Auto (183 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Levittown, PA / 183 miles away from Albany, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2GKC7GR346849
    Stock: 1460A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $8,995
    good price
    $1,305 below market
    • 174,475 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 13 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Premium Auto Collection (426 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chesapeake, VA / 426 miles away from Albany, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    15 Combined MPG (13 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKUKMEF1AR183202
    Stock: AR183202
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • $21,500
    fair price
    $596 below market
    • 141,218 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Autowright Motor Co (107 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in West Boylston, MA / 107 miles away from Albany, NY

    2016 GMC Yukon 1500 XL Denali, 2 owner, clean Carfax, 4WD, sunroof, navigation, leather, 3rd row, back up cameraSHOWN BY APPOINTMENT ONLY DUE TO SPACE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2HKJ8GR430750
    Stock: 16YukonDenali
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • $33,999
    good price
    $2,262 below market
    • 70,529 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Chevrolet GMC of Millersburg (440 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Millersburg, OH / 440 miles away from Albany, NY

    Recent Arrival! 2018 GMC Yukon XL Denali is a large, luxurious SUV known for its spaciousness, powerful engine, and premium features. It offers seatin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2HKJXJR112698
    Stock: V3566
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

  • New Listing
    $19,999
    fair price
    $447 below market
    • 119,533 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • A&E Auto Center (124 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in North Chelmsford, MA / 124 miles away from Albany, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2GKCXGR283729
    Stock: 283729
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-30-2025

  • $27,497
    fair price
    $1,702 below market
    • 124,508 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (475 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 475 miles away from Albany, NY

    Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated St...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2HKJ0JR330617
    Stock: JR330617P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $26,990
    good price
    $2,505 below market
    • 121,536 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • EZ Auto Sales (345 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Stafford, VA / 345 miles away from Albany, NY

    ***Visit www.EzAutoSalesVa.com to view our inventory*** Offering the BEST PRICES AVAILABLE, NATIONWIDE DELIVERY, and EXTENDED WARRANTY OPTIONS. At EZ ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2HKJ1JR399364
    Stock: EZA5656
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $19,995
    good price
    $1,058 below market
    • 108,742 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • East Chester Auto Sales (51 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Kingston, NY / 51 miles away from Albany, NY

    Spacious interior; three rows of seating; rugged truck-based chassis; luxurious interior appointments available

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2GKC9GR268364
    Stock: 268364
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

  • $25,995
    good price
    $1,956 below market
    • 108,370 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Shamrock Motors (84 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in East Windsor, CT / 84 miles away from Albany, NY

    *AUTOCHECK CERTIFIED* *HEATED AND COOLED SEATS* *BOSE PREMIUM SOUND* *REAR ENTERTAINMENT DVD* *NAVIGATION* *SUPER CLEAN* We encourage you to shop arou...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2GKC3JR317274
    Stock: SM317274
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • $29,499
    fair price
    $989 below market
    • 114,424 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Koons of Woodbridge (334 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 334 miles away from Albany, NY

    Visit Koons Automotive of Woodbridge online at www.koonsofwoodbridge.com to see more pictures of this vehicle or call us at 571-285-3277 today to sch...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2HKJ5JR271726
    Stock: 36454
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $24,710
    fair price
    $95 below market
    • 78,253 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Jim Shorkey Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (371 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Austintown, OH / 371 miles away from Albany, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2GKC3GR316733
    Stock: 7C5029C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $22,808
    good price
    $1,086 below market
    • 129,814 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Chapman Chevrolet (205 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 205 miles away from Albany, NY

    White Frost Tricoat EcoTec3 6.2L V8 4WD 8-Speed Automatic2016 Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. Yukon XL 4D Sport Utility GMCWe are located in the Phila...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2HKJ8GR354303
    Stock: GC25322A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • $13,995
    fair price
    $398 below market
    • 199,622 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • United Auto Sales (400 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Providence Forge, VA / 400 miles away from Albany, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2GKC4GR182315
    Stock: 182315
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • New Listing
    $20,985
    good price
    $990 below market
    • 137,688 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Prestige Auto Group (406 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tallmadge, OH / 406 miles away from Albany, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2HKJ1GR134842
    Stock: G3658CB
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    $34,477
    fair price
    $1,695 below market
    • 85,711 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Haley Buick GMC Airport (402 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 402 miles away from Albany, NY

    *** THIS VEHICLE IS LOCATED @ HALEY BUICK GMC AIRPORT 5500 S. Laburnum Ave. Richmond VA, 23231. CALL *** 804-222-4600 *** for more information and ava...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2HKJ1JR353999
    Stock: R284470A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

  • $16,995
    fair price
    $168 below market
    • 136,403 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Valley Street Auto (122 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Manchester, NH / 122 miles away from Albany, NY

    2016 GMC Yukon XL SLE SUV, Gray with Gray Cloth Interior, 6-Speed Shiftable Automatic Transmission, Center Bench Seat with 3 Row Seats, Factory Remote...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2FKC8GR480263
    Stock: 80263
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    $23,975
    fair price
    $116 above market
    • 77,367 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Belford Motor Company (157 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Belford, NJ / 157 miles away from Albany, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2FKC8GR173983
    Stock: 3595
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-16-2024

  • $29,183
    fair price
    $394 below market
    • 74,474 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Eastside Motoring (133 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Waltham, MA / 133 miles away from Albany, NY

    Eastside Motoring is proud to be recognized as a CarGurus Top Rated dealer, ensuring that you can buy from us with confidence. We ship our vehicles to...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2HKJ0GR150305
    Stock: 150305
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $32,137
    fair price
    $541 below market
    • 102,951 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Land Rover Alexandria (319 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Alexandria, VA / 319 miles away from Albany, NY

    *Now Available at Land Rover Alexandria -- Well-Equipped GMC Yukon XL*Experience the power and luxury of this GMC Yukon XL, delivering *14 MPG in the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2HKJ6JR397707
    Stock: T13900P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

  • $17,990
    fair price
    $466 above market
    • 142,780 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • I-Deal Cars (232 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Camp Hill, PA / 232 miles away from Albany, NY

    ***1 OWNER*** 2016 GMC YUKON XL SLE VIN: 1GKS2FKC9GR294537 4 DOOR WAGON/SPORT UTILITY 5.3L V8 F OHV 16V GASOLINE REAR WHEEL DRIVE W/ 4X4, VERY WELL MA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2FKC9GR294537
    Stock: 294537
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-15-2024

  • Stock photo**
    $24,991
    fair price
    $810 below market
    • 109,517 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Moran Chevrolet (460 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Clinton Township, MI / 460 miles away from Albany, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GKS2HKJ7GR174889
    Stock: ZC31849A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

Showing 190 - 210 out of 1,067 listings

Consumer Reviews for the GMC Yukon XL

Read recent reviews for the GMC Yukon XL
Overall Consumer Rating
4.6 out of 5 stars31 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 31 reviews
  • 5 star
    (65%)
  • 4 star
    (32%)
  • 3 star
    (3%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
4.75 out of 5 stars

Tired of crossovers

npdan, 02/12/2012
2012 GMC Yukon XL SLT 1500 4dr SUV 4WD (5.3L 8cyl 6A)
After trying crossovers, we are back to our much loved Suburban/Yukon XL vehicles. Nothing matches these vehicles for comfort, value and modest cost of operation. They are bullet proof and supremely comfortable. I cannot agree with Edmunds suggestion that the midsized Acadia, Enclave or Traverse is a viable replacement. ONLY, if you sit in the front seats. The second row seats in these … vehicles are some of the most uncomfortable seats in any vehicle made. And for all this loss of comfort, size and seat comfort, you gain a miseable 1-2 mpg. Not worth it. Before you buy your GM crossover, test drive a new Yukon or Yukon XL back to back with a new Acadia, Enclave or Traverse.
Report abuse

Used 2016 GMC Yukon XL in Albany, NY Values

Estimated values
2016 GMC Yukon XL SLT 4dr SUV 4WD (5.3L 8cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$14,799$18,023$20,314
Clean$14,372$17,470$19,655
Average$13,660$16,549$18,556
Rough$12,734$15,351$17,128

The average list price of a used 2016 GMC Yukon XL in Albany, New York is $23,701. The average mileage on a used GMC Yukon XL 2016 for sale in Albany, New York is 117,767. Based on the average mileage of 117,767 for used 2016 GMC Yukon XL for sale in Albany, NY and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used GMC Yukon XL 2016 in Albany, New York to be $13,660.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.