Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,376 listings
  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $6,950
    good price
    $1,520 below market
    • 128,754 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Prime Motors (93 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Arlington, VA / 93 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    ASK ABOUT OUR MD INSPECTION PROGRAMVideo walk-around, virtual test drives, E-purchase, shipping , financing and we accept all trades. Call/Text 703-67...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKRGKD8DJ159122
    Stock: 159122
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $10,495
    fair price
    $658 below market
    • 89,271 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Panda Autos (92 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Vienna, VA / 92 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    Our 2013 Chevrolet Traverse LT Sport is:Vehicle Runs Well, Smooth ride, All records in possession, Upgraded stereo, Regularly maintained, Lots of stor...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKVGKD5DJ243216
    Stock: K3216C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 91,600 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Major World Chevrolet (135 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Long Island City, NY / 135 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    Clean CARFAX. 2013 Chevrolet Traverse LS Airbags, AM/FM radio: SiriusXM, Bluetooth® For Phone, Comfort Grip Urethane Steering Wheel, Digital Compass, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKRFEDXDJ201490
    Stock: M75321
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • $7,999
    good price
    $839 below market
    • 142,600 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Integrious Auto (78 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Levittown, PA / 78 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKVLKD3DJ263585
    Stock: 263585
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    8 Offers Nearby

    2025 Chevrolet Traverse
    $40,700
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 4 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees and optional equipment. Click here to see all Chevrolet vehicles' destination freight charges. Dealer sets the final price.
    • 143,533 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Automan Empire (139 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Fredericksburg, VA / 139 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    2013 CHEVROLET TRAVERSE LT with powerful 3.6L SIDI V6 (281 HP [210 KW] @ 6300 RPM 266 engine and driven only 143533 miles! Fully loaded and much more!...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKRGKD6DJ220757
    Stock: 220757
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $5,950
    good price
    $2,340 below market
    • 129,365 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Prime Motors (93 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Arlington, VA / 93 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    ASK ABOUT OUR MD INSPECTION PROGRAMVideo walk-around, virtual test drives, E-purchase, shipping , financing and we accept all trades. Call/Text 703-67...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKRLED0CJ287924
    Stock: 287924
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $5,999
    good price
    $970 below market
    • 158,512 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • 63 Auto (147 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Spotsylvania, VA / 147 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    This vehicle is offered for sale by 63 Auto IncFree Carfax report is availableGuaranteed Auto Financing Extended warranty contracts are available up t...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKVJED0CJ394441
    Stock: 63-372
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $6,495
    great price
    $2,726 below market
    • 132,835 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Galaxy Auto One (128 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Paterson, NJ / 128 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKRHKD4EJ149193
    Stock: 149193
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    8 Offers Nearby

    2025 Chevrolet Traverse
    $40,700
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 4 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees and optional equipment. Click here to see all Chevrolet vehicles' destination freight charges. Dealer sets the final price.
  • $13,411
    fair price
    $932 above market
    • 57,783 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Precise Automotive Group (102 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Chantilly, VA / 102 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    At Precise Automotive Group, We're making car buying easier and more convenient than ever! Enjoy FREE & FAST Shipping on all vehicles straight to your...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKVHKD1EJ184978
    Stock: P4978
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-16-2025

  • New Listing
    $7,995
    fair price
    $179 above market
    • 106,751 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Vehicle Wish Auto Sales (74 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Frederick, MD / 74 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    2012 Chevrolet Traverse with 3rd Row Seating (8 Passenger) with an available 'Extended Warranty'

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKREED4CJ308950
    Stock: 3515
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • $7,995
    good price
    $1,559 below market
    • 152,078 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • First Class Auto Land (64 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 64 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKVHKD3EJ213171
    Stock: 213171
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $6,999
    fair price
    $565 above market
    • 125,219 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Green Light Auto Sales (197 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Alarm
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Bethany, CT / 197 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKRFED5CJ382643
    Stock: CT382643
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    8 Offers Nearby

    2025 Chevrolet Traverse
    $40,700
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 4 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees and optional equipment. Click here to see all Chevrolet vehicles' destination freight charges. Dealer sets the final price.
    • 109,779 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Scott Chevrolet (55 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Allentown, PA / 55 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKVGKD3EJ237576
    Stock: 62828A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

  • $9,995
    fair price
    $292 above market
    • 116,741 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Best Buy Auto Sales (200 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Waterloo, NY / 200 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    BACKUP CAMERATOUCHSCREENROOF RACK

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKVHKD3EJ103592
    Stock: 103592
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • $7,995
    fair price
    $987 below market
    • 136,262 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • First Class Auto Land (64 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 64 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKRGKD8EJ145352
    Stock: 145352
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $7,499
    fair price
    $166 below market
    • 123,900 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Integrious Auto (78 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Levittown, PA / 78 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKVGED4CJ360151
    Stock: 360151
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Advertisement

    8 Offers Nearby

    2025 Chevrolet Traverse
    $40,700
    starting MSRP
    • 6 Colors
    • 4 Trims
    • 4 Packages
    View Offers 
    *The Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price excludes destination freight charge, tax, title, license, dealer fees and optional equipment. Click here to see all Chevrolet vehicles' destination freight charges. Dealer sets the final price.
  • New Listing
    • 101,237 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Richmond (179 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 179 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKVGKD7EJ124293
    Stock: 2003723730
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

  • New Listing
    • 181,157 miles
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Best Buy Auto Sales (200 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Waterloo, NY / 200 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    Child Safety Door Locks, 4WD/AWD, Electronic Brake Assistance, Traction Control, Vehicle Stability Control System, Tachometer, Steering Wheel Mounted ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKVFEDXEJ126643
    Stock: 126643
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-01-2025

  • $6,965
    fair price
    $333 below market
    • 137,865 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • First Class Auto Land (64 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 64 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKVGED0CJ394782
    Stock: 394782
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $2,997
    fair price
    $59 above market
    • 265,481 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Elmora Motor Sport (117 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Elizabeth, NJ / 117 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKRHKD9EJ112351
    Stock: 112351
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $7,995
    good price
    $1,879 below market
    • 127,283 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • High Rated Auto Company (40 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Abingdon, MD / 40 miles away from Lancaster, PA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GNKVGKD5DJ126865
    Stock: 126865
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 2,376 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Chevrolet Traverse

Read recent reviews for the Chevrolet Traverse
Overall Consumer Rating
3.2 out of 5 stars52 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 52 reviews
  • 5 star
    (35%)
  • 4 star
    (15%)
  • 3 star
    (10%)
  • 2 star
    (21%)
  • 1 star
    (19%)
1 out of 5 stars

This engine holds a bad secret

Domonic Webster, 04/13/2018
2012 Chevrolet Traverse LTZ 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl 6A)
While this vehicle has many great features it hides a bad thing that will sink you. The engine has timing chains that have a known defect. I wish I knew this before I spent my money. The repair cost is a new engine which will cost about $5,000 and takes about 8-15 hours to replace. When all is said and done you will spend $10,000 to repair. If you own a earlier version 2007-2009 it’s … covered. If you buy a 2012 it will not be.
Report abuse

Used 2013 Chevrolet Traverse in Lancaster, PA Values

Estimated values
2013 Chevrolet Traverse LT 4dr SUV w/1LT (3.6L 6cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$3,412$5,168$6,166
Clean$3,231$4,874$5,792
Average$2,930$4,385$5,169
Rough$2,539$3,748$4,358

The average list price of a used 2013 Chevrolet Traverse in Lancaster, Pennsylvania is $8,335. The average mileage on a used Chevrolet Traverse 2013 for sale in Lancaster, Pennsylvania is 131,334. Based on the average mileage of 131,334 for used 2013 Chevrolet Traverse for sale in Lancaster, PA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Chevrolet Traverse 2013 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania to be $2,930.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.