Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
646 listings
    • 97,631 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Superior Auto (177 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Maumee, OH / 177 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    The 2014 Dodge Grand Caravan SE 30th Anniversary edition in vibrant red is the perfect companion for families who crave both adventure and comfort. It...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGBG1ER327874
    Stock: 234566
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-25-2024

    • 127,862 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Bruce Woodring Auto Sales (185 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Henderson, KY / 185 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    For more pictures and information please visit us at http://www.brucewoodringauto.com***BE SURE TO ASK US ABOUT OUR GREAT USED CAR WARRANTIES***

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGBG1ER361832
    Stock: 361832
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Photos not available
    • 156,085 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Craig and Landreth Cars (84 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 84 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    We're Kentuckiana's premier pre-owned dealership! Having been in business for nearly 50 years, we've built our reputation providing the cleanest vehic...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGCG4ER239853
    Stock: D46766
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Photos not available
    • 170,655 miles
    • Odometer issue reported, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • First Choice Auto (31 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Middletown, OH / 31 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    BUY HERE PAY HERE!!1 $999.00 DOWN + TAX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGBG3ER463441
    Stock: 6110
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-17-2023

    • 174,917 miles
    • Salvage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • SSS Auto Sales (89 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Muncie, IN / 89 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGCG9ER181870
    Stock: 181870
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-12-2025

  • Photos not available
    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Walker Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (143 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Hurricane, WV / 143 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGCG9ER267230
    Stock: JR336B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • New Listing
    $11,985
    good price
    $3,926 below market
    • 81,128 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Toyota of Muncie (92 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Muncie, IN / 92 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    White Knuckle Clearcoat 2017 Dodge Grand Caravan SXT FWD 6-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 24V VVTRecent Arrival! Odometer is 48306 miles below market average...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGCGXHR624242
    Stock: 624242
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • $10,977
    good price
    $3,329 below market
    • 65,465 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Jet Auto Group (170 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Cambridge, OH / 170 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    Odometer is 44497 miles below market average! JET Auto Group,Your final stop for a great experience!Call 1-7**-2**-5*** for details on this vehicle. N...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGBG1FR509124
    Stock: 509124
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

    • 133,477 miles
    • 1 accident, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • iGo Motors Bowling Green (181 mi away)
    • Leather Seats
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Power Liftgate/Trunk
    Close

    Located in Bowling Green, KY / 181 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGEG3ER392527
    Stock: ER392527-2
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

  • $5,995
    good price
    $2,643 below market
    • 157,591 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Arena (16 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Power Liftgate/Trunk
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Fairfield, OH / 16 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGCG5FR683289
    Stock: 683289
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-07-2024

  • New Listing
    $7,742
    good price
    $2,568 below market
    • 142,141 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Ricart Used Car Factory (103 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Power Liftgate/Trunk
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Groveport, OH / 103 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    Remote keyless entry.Recent Arrival! Clean CARFAX.Deep Cherry Red Crystal Pearlcoat 2015 Dodge Grand Caravan SXT 4D Passenger Van 3.6L V6 24V VVT 17/2...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGCG8FR745297
    Stock: HTS1957A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

    • 132,787 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • United Auto Sales And Service (89 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 89 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGBGXFR576076
    Stock: 576076
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-30-2024

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 164,453 miles
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Hare Chevrolet (101 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Noblesville, IN / 101 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGBG2FR516146
    Stock: HCVP170188A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

  • $11,131
    fair price
    $960 below market
    • 105,337 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • S & H Auto Sales Goshen (189 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Elkhart, IN / 189 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    This 2017 Dodge Grand Caravan SE FWD can be yours today for a GREAT price!! Stow 'n Go Rear Seats, Tri-Zone Climate Control, LED Tail Lights and more...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGBG2HR572302
    Stock: G572302
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • $7,500
    good price
    $1,925 below market
    • 119,284 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Rev Auto (198 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Massillon, OH / 198 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    Visit Rev Auto LLC to shop our great deals. You can contact us or call 3**-8**-3*** to schedule your test drive today. Child Safety Door Locks Power D...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGBG1FR650713
    Stock: 10803
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-23-2025

  • New Listing
    $9,199
    fair price
    $1,271 below market
    • 136,416 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Piles Chevrolet (30 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Dry Ridge, KY / 30 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    Recent Arrival!Granite Crystal Metallic Clearcoat 2017 Dodge Grand CaravanSXT FWD 6-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 24V VVTLow Price, Low Pressure & Wor...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGCG0HR842044
    Stock: 3947A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

    • 82,899 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Tim Short Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (142 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Middlesboro, KY / 142 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    **PRICE REDUCED**, **FUN!**, **CLEAN**, **FAMILY FRIENDLY**, **LOCAL TRADE**, **LOTS OF SPACE**, **NON SMOKER**, **LOW MILES**, *CLEAN*, *FUN!*, *GREA...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGBG9FR671597
    Stock: P8382A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-12-2025

    • 99,650 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Oxmoor Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (84 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 84 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    Vehicle DetailsDiscover the perfect blend of versatility, comfort, and performance with this 2015 Dodge Grand Caravan American Value Package! This fam...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGBG6FR508017
    Stock: CU7972A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-11-2025

  • $6,995
    good price
    $1,546 below market
    • 135,866 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Drive 1 Car & Truck (71 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Springfield, OH / 71 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    PLATINUM CERTIFIED !! 6-MONTH POWERTRAIN GUARANTEE !!

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGBG3FR735018
    Stock: 735018
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-29-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $5,699
    good price
    $1,295 below market
    • 152,916 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • MJ Auto Sales (131 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Newark, OH / 131 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGBGXFR507209
    Stock: 420
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • $10,850
    fair price
    $2,340 below market
    • 79,000 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CARS2YOU.COM (198 mi away)
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    • Rear Bench Seats
    • Stability Control
    Close

    Located in Mishawaka, IN / 198 miles away from Cincinnati, OH

    You are viewing a super nice and clean, 2015 DODGE GRAND CARAVAN. This is powered with the 6 cylinder engine, the transmission is Automatic. This vehi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 2C4RDGBG1FR605321
    Stock: 605321
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2024

Showing 148 - 168 out of 646 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Dodge Grand Caravan

Read recent reviews for the Dodge Grand Caravan
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars51 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 51 reviews
  • 5 star
    (45%)
  • 4 star
    (25%)
  • 3 star
    (18%)
  • 2 star
    (12%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
4.63 out of 5 stars

Don't let the bias fool you

joeinoh, 12/14/2010
2010 Dodge Grand Caravan SXT 4dr Minivan (3.8L 6cyl 6A)
I'm amazed the media, Edmund's included, doesn't rate this vehicle higher in its class. I reviewed minivans extensively when I found out that my wife was pregnant with our third child. After reading a few website reviews I was strongly leaning to Toy/Honda. Claimed reliability issues, build quality and a "warped bumper cover" had me running scared from the Dodge/Chrysler. I tested the … Toy & Honda units & was not impressed. Then I rented a T&C for a weekend road trip. I was entirely impressed. I don't know why this product line gets the bad rap it does. Stow & Go alone sold me on the Dodge. I see Dodge units with over 200k miles all the time. Drive one before you buy a Toy or Honda.
Report abuse

Used 2014 Dodge Grand Caravan in Cincinnati, OH Values

Estimated values
2014 Dodge Grand Caravan SE 4dr Minivan (3.6L 6cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$3,390$5,296$6,509
Clean$3,238$5,022$6,128
Average$2,986$4,566$5,494
Rough$2,659$3,972$4,669

The average list price of a used 2014 Dodge Grand Caravan in Cincinnati, Ohio is $8,484. The average mileage on a used Dodge Grand Caravan 2014 for sale in Cincinnati, Ohio is 119,789. Based on the average mileage of 119,789 for used 2014 Dodge Grand Caravan for sale in Cincinnati, OH and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Dodge Grand Caravan 2014 in Cincinnati, Ohio to be $2,986.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.