Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,293 listings
  • Stock photo**
    • 6,616 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats
    • Randy Wise Buick GMC (36 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Fenton, MI / 36 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    2025 Buick Enclave Avenir Ebony Twilight MetallicFWD 8-Speed Automatic 2.5L DOHCFWD.20/27 City/Highway MPG

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERCRS1SJ104528
    Stock: B250377R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-18-2024

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 6,744 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats
    • Randy Wise Buick GMC (36 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Fenton, MI / 36 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    2025 Buick Enclave Sport Touring Ebony Twilight MetallicAWD 8-Speed Automatic 2.5L DOHCAWD.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVBRSXSJ145357
    Stock: B250276R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-27-2024

  • Stock photo**
    • 6,824 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats
    • Randy Wise Buick GMC (36 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Fenton, MI / 36 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    2025 Buick Enclave Sport Touring Ebony Twilight MetallicAWD 8-Speed Automatic 2.5L DOHCAWD.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVBRS9SJ145124
    Stock: B250278R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-27-2024

  • Selling or trading in?

    Know what your car is worth while you shop for your next vehicle.

    See my car’s value
  • Stock photo**
    • 7,376 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats
    • Randy Wise Buick GMC (36 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Fenton, MI / 36 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    2025 Buick Enclave Preferred Cherry Red TintcoatAWD 8-Speed Automatic 2.5L DOHCAWD.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVARS5SJ109442
    Stock: B250145R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-01-2024

    • 58,927 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 587 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERCKWXJJ263219
    Stock: 2003624344
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

    • 100,770 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Sandusky Auto Sales (93 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sandusky, MI / 93 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    Our rigorous safety inspection makes nearly every vehicle eligible for an UNLIMITED mile extended warranty for up to 4 years. Sandusky Auto Sales offe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVCKW9JJ281822
    Stock: 281822
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

    • 51,425 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Jim Causley Buick GMC (51 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Clinton Township, MI / 51 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. GREAT VALUE!!, CLEAN CARFAX!!, Premium Wheels, 5000lbs Trailering Package, Front & Rear Park Assist, Heated Driver & F...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVAKW9PJ102501
    Stock: C23706
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 13,841 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Germain Hyundai (166 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 166 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    Backup Camera, Bluetooth, Automatic Headlights, 6-Way Power Front Passenger Seat Adjuster, 8-Way Power Driver Seat Adjuster, ABS brakes, Alloy wheels,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERBKW2NJ140580
    Stock: HTNJ140580
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • $14,994
    great price
    $5,203 below market
    • 58,385 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • One Price Auto (52 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Mount Clemens, MI / 52 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERAKW8KJ313573
    Stock: 313573
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-14-2025

    • 108,594 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • VanDevere Kia (143 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Akron, OH / 143 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    ABOUT THIS VEHICLE ALL WHEEL DRIVE-AWD, ALLOY WHEELS, APPLE/ANDROID CARPLAY, BACKUP CAMERA, BLIND SPOT MONITOR, BLUETOOTH, CRUISE CONTROL, HEATED & CO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVBKW9JJ156569
    Stock: K5071B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 28,323 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Betten Chevrolet Cadillac GMC Buick (140 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Muskegon, MI / 140 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    Moonstone Gray Metallic 2023 Buick Enclave Essence FWD 9-Speed Automatic 3.6L V6 SIDI VVT FWD.Odometer is 3141 miles below market average! 18/26 Cit...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERBKW4PJ199536
    Stock: D25393
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

  • New Listing
    • 96,462 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,982 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERBKW2JJ193824
    Stock: 2003771575
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-20-2025

    • 43,962 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • McDonald Chevrolet (70 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Millington, MI / 70 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    Recent Arrival! Hard to find one this nice! We finance everyone and this one is full luxury! AWD, 120-Volt Power Outlet, 3rd Row 60/40 Power Fold Sp...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVBKW8MJ245134
    Stock: 35245134
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 48,658 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Feldman Chevrolet of Lansing (48 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Lansing, MI / 48 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    2024 Buick Enclave Premium Group FWD. Certified. CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Certification Program Details: Type your description here CarBravo Ce...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERCKWXRJ127166
    Stock: PBA127166
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 112,118 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Todd Wenzel Chevrolet (112 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Hudsonville, MI / 112 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Drive with distinction in our 2021 Buick Enclave Premium AWD that features a dynamic Ebony Twilight Metallic design and impre...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVBKW4MJ126934
    Stock: Q250220A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-02-2025

    • 100,205 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 513 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAERCKW9JJ149194
    Stock: 2003775366
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • New Listing
    • 87,711 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Buffalo, NY / 257 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVAKWXJJ162505
    Stock: 2003731236
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

    • 72,506 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Lochmandy Chevrolet of Bremen (134 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Bremen, IN / 134 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    Thank you for visiting another one of Lochmandy Chevrolet of Bremen's online listings! Please continue for more information on this 2018 Buick Enclave...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVAKW6JJ150545
    Stock: 5783A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-20-2025

    • 23,859 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Jim Koestner (94 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Plainwell, MI / 94 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    2022 BUICK ENCLAVE AWD. ESSENCE PAKCAGE. 1-OWNER LEASE RETURN. Excellent condition inside and out. Loaded up with options. Equipped with alloy wh...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVAKW6NJ164631
    Stock: U2472
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

    • 78,507 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Les Stanford Buick GMC (37 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ferndale, MI / 37 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    Guarantee credit approval regardless of your past credit history. Please call 248-206-6600 for your immediate preapproval....Enclave Avenir is nicely ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVCKW1MJ214202
    Stock: BS0103RA
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-02-2025

    • 42,479 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Art Moehn Honda (29 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Jackson, MI / 29 miles away from Ann Arbor, MI

    This 2024 Buick Enclave Premium , has a Summit White exterior and a Dark Galvanized with Ebony interior accents interior color. 42479 miles. Stock Num...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5GAEVBKWXRJ116318
    Stock: A1846
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

Showing 589 - 609 out of 1,293 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Buick Enclave

Read recent reviews for the Buick Enclave
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars73 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 73 reviews
  • 5 star
    (63%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (11%)
  • 1 star
    (8%)
5 out of 5 stars

5 trips to SoCAL and Edmonton

monkman67, 07/20/2012
2010 Buick Enclave CXL1 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl 6A)
This is the best of the best, travelling form Edmonton Alberta to Las Vegas then down to Disneyland and San Diego for the 5th time now and the ride is quiet and the handling is great 75,000 km in less than 3 years and no issues what so ever and the XBOX 360 running during all the trips never had any effect on the battery at all.
Report abuse

Used 2025 Buick Enclave in Ann Arbor, MI Values

Estimated values
2025 Buick Enclave Avenir 4dr SUV (2.5L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$36,928$37,991$39,267
Clean$36,733$37,738$38,952
Average$36,409$37,317$38,427
Rough$35,987$36,769$37,745

The average list price of a used 2025 Buick Enclave in Ann Arbor, Michigan is $31,466. The average mileage on a used Buick Enclave 2025 for sale in Ann Arbor, Michigan is 54,966. Based on the average mileage of 54,966 for used 2025 Buick Enclave for sale in Ann Arbor, MI and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Buick Enclave 2025 in Ann Arbor, Michigan to be $36,409.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.