Your Privacy

By accessing this website, you acknowledge that Edmunds and its third-party business partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technologies to collect information about you and your interactions with the website as described in our Privacy Statement; and you agree that your use of the website is subject to our Visitor Agreement.
Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
236 listings

$0
Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class rebates in 48433
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • $60,559
    fair price
    $2,879 below market
    • 36,665 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 1,914 miles away from Flushing, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (18 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB6BB0NA720370
    Stock: NA720370T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 13,765 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Betten Imports (86 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grand Rapids, MI / 86 miles away from Flushing, MI

    Odometer is 5401 miles below market average!Mercedes-Benz Certified Pre-Owned Details: * Vehicle History * Warranty Deductible: $0 * 165+ Point Inspec...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (18 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB6BE8PA875391
    Stock: P22631
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 07-28-2024

  • Price Drop
    $59,590
    fair price
    $1,320 below market
    • 12,325 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 566 miles away from Flushing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB2RB015794
    Stock: 2003701121
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

  • Price Drop
    $36,998
    good price
    $3,464 below market
    • 51,321 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Saint Louis, MO / 457 miles away from Flushing, MI

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4JB9NA734838
    Stock: 8DNT5R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-03-2025

  • New Listing
    $39,977
    great price
    $5,203 below market
    • 41,246 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Sherman Oaks, CA / 1,950 miles away from Flushing, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Ke...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4JBXPA904613
    Stock: PA904613T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $50,998
    great price
    $7,044 below market
    • 31,829 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sherman Oaks, CA / 1,950 miles away from Flushing, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB5KB9PA936523
    Stock: PA936523T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $64,494
    fair price
    $2,778 below market
    • 7,725 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 1,950 miles away from Flushing, MI

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB0SB279070
    Stock: SB279070S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $50,990
    good price
    $4,034 below market
    • 24,878 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 1,442 miles away from Flushing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB1RB077364
    Stock: 2003619529
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

    • 30,546 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 998 miles away from Flushing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4KB2PA959734
    Stock: 2003658371
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $49,397
    great price
    $6,279 below market
    • 23,169 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 1,910 miles away from Flushing, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB6RB110987
    Stock: RB110987P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $15,499
    good price
    $1,633 below market
    • 93,315 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, taxi vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 17 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Hampton, VA / 572 miles away from Flushing, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Sunroof / Moonroof,V6 Cylinder Engine,7-Speed A/T,Heated Seats,Power D...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDA5HB6GA809715
    Stock: GA809715T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $47,699
    good price
    $3,987 below market
    • 28,982 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • RubyCar - Phoenix (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tolleson, AZ / 1,669 miles away from Flushing, MI

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Clean CARFAX. RubyCar by Avis is a national online retailer that allows you to shop thousands of high-quality, s...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (20 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4KB7PA948275
    Stock: 52436156
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-07-2025

    • 6,602 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 1,946 miles away from Flushing, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Green Vehicle,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,H...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4GB3SB318829
    Stock: 20812SL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $62,595
    fair price
    $1,432 below market
    • 6,018 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 1,950 miles away from Flushing, MI

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB8SB276191
    Stock: SB276191S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $62,888
    fair price
    $1,139 below market
    • 8,428 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 1,950 miles away from Flushing, MI

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB4SB275359
    Stock: SB275359S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $24,450
    great price
    $4,903 below market
    • 89,284 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 1,950 miles away from Flushing, MI

    3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,R...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4JE5MA370989
    Stock: MA370989P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $94,990
    fair price
    $1,505 below market
    • 10,948 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 15 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Wesley Chapel, FL / 1,030 miles away from Flushing, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Ke...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (15 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB8KB4RB074536
    Stock: M074536P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $63,575
    fair price
    $452 below market
    • 4,495 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 1,950 miles away from Flushing, MI

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB2SB275991
    Stock: SB275991S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $63,395
    fair price
    $632 below market
    • 8,138 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 1,950 miles away from Flushing, MI

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB1SB273066
    Stock: SB273066S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $48,990
    fair price
    $746 below market
    • 18,297 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Philadelphia, PA / 497 miles away from Flushing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4KBXNA683848
    Stock: 2003739396
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

  • $63,774
    fair price
    $252 below market
    • 6,045 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Van Nuys, CA / 1,950 miles away from Flushing, MI

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4FB9SB279603
    Stock: SB279603S
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 43 - 63 out of 236 listings
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.