Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
168 listings

$0
Nissan LEAF rebates in 06602
Check your savings potential before you buy

  • New Listing
    • 7,658 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 219 - 227 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,371 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4CZ1CV4RC552974
    Stock: 2003696395
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • New Listing
    • 56,474 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 145 - 152 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 583 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1CV5NC552189
    Stock: 2003659261
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

    • 22,311 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 147 - 154 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Autoshow Somerset (82 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Somerset, NJ / 82 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Vehicle Overview Vehicle DetailsExperience the future of driving with this 2022 Nissan LEAF SV, now available at an unbeatable price. This eco-friendl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1CVXNC555413
    Stock: 555413
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

    • 3 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 222 - 228 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Nissan of Pittsfield (88 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Pittsfield, MA / 88 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Odometer is 10841 miles below market average! Clean CARFAX.4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 6 Speakers, ABS brakes, Air Conditioning, Alloy wheels, AM/FM radio: S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4CZ1CV2RC557039
    Stock: N4389
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-03-2024

  • New Listing
    • 18,802 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 151 - 157 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,534 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1BV5RC550904
    Stock: 2003770632
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 18,890 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 220 - 227 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,053 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4CZ1CV7RC552077
    Stock: 2003692498
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 20 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 221 - 228 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Bruce Bennett Nissan of Danbury (20 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Danbury, CT / 20 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4CZ1CV8RC554453
    Stock: P0588
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-24-2023

    • 3 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 222 - 228 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Nissan of Pittsfield (88 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Pittsfield, MA / 88 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Odometer is 9505 miles below market average! Clean CARFAX.2-Tone Premium Paint, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 6 Speakers, ABS brakes, Air Conditioning, Alloy w...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4CZ1CV0RC556603
    Stock: N4351
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-03-2024

  • New Listing
    • 32,033 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 146 - 152 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 521 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1BVXNC561407
    Stock: 2003752863
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 36,071 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 219 - 226 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to CT*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Norcross, GA / 781 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1DV2NC552542
    Stock: 26934608
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 590 miles
    • Rebuilt vehicle reported, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 152 - 157 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Saw Mill Auto (39 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Yonkers, NY / 39 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Vehicle Overview ATTENTION CUSTOMERS Please join our eMail List to receive SPECIAL PROMOTIONS and notifications of our SPECIAL EVENTS & INCOMING INVEN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1BV4RC554619
    Stock: J2166
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-28-2024

    • 36,640 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 219 - 226 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Bertera Nissan Manchester (57 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Manchester, CT / 57 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    Pearl White exterior and Black interior. Heated Leather Seats, NAV, Alloy Wheels, Back-Up Camera, Premium Sound System. KEY FEATURES INCLUDELeather Se...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1DV5NC550543
    Stock: N0135
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 69,297 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 218 - 225 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to CT*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 1,621 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1CV4NC555959
    Stock: 26733561
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 59,273 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 218 - 225 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 785 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ1DV6NC555301
    Stock: 2003757476
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 25,776 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 147 - 154 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Norcross, GA / 781 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1BV2NC562163
    Stock: 27202470
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    • 10,755 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 221 - 228 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • Pine Belt Nissan of Toms River (98 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Toms River, NJ / 98 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    NAV, Heated Seats, Alloy Wheels, Back-Up Camera, Satellite Radio, iPod/MP3 Input. Scarlet Ember exterior and Black interior. Warranty 5 yrs/60k Miles ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4CZ1CV0RC554317
    Stock: WL55028
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-05-2024

  • $18,998
    fair price
    $98 below market
    • 3,644 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 152 - 160 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 1,666 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1BV4SC561916
    Stock: 27120100
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $18,998
    fair price
    $264 above market
    • 10,259 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 154 - 161 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Littleton, CO / 1,667 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1BV6SC561190
    Stock: 27414622
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 5,036 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 153 - 161 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Parker, CO / 1,657 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1BV7SC557472
    Stock: 27121100
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $18,998
    fair price
    $851 above market
    • 8,817 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 155 - 161 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Loveland, CO / 1,654 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1BV1SC557807
    Stock: 27120837
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $18,998
    fair price
    $548 above market
    • 9,109 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 154 - 161 mi est. range
    • Outstanding battery score
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to CT*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Parker, CO / 1,657 miles away from Bridgeport, CT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ1BV0SC561122
    Stock: 27414719
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 43 - 63 out of 168 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Nissan LEAF

Read recent reviews for the Nissan LEAF
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars30 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 30 reviews
  • 5 star
    (53%)
  • 4 star
    (27%)
  • 3 star
    (7%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (10%)
3 out of 5 stars

Very good value but be prepared for new tires

mongo, 05/11/2022
2022 Nissan LEAF S 4dr Hatchback (electric DD)
By combining Nissan incentives and state rebates, I was able to lease this car for peanut money. A total no brainer. It has much greater range than it is rated for. At 85% charge my range is 165 miles. I see no reason to get the “plus” model given the extra cost. The base model has so much tech where it counts (car play and safety stuff) and low tech where you don’t care (manual … parking brake and seats). The ride is excellent for a small car. Seats are much more comfortable compared to chevy bolt. Just know the tires wear out uniformly at 13,000 miles.
Report abuse

Used 2024 Nissan LEAF in Bridgeport, CT Values

Estimated values
2024 Nissan LEAF SV PLUS 4dr Hatchback (electric DD) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$23,265$24,900$26,893
Clean$22,996$24,584$26,523
Average$22,547$24,058$25,906
Rough$21,964$23,375$25,104

The average list price of a used 2024 Nissan LEAF in Bridgeport, Connecticut is $19,965. The average mileage on a used Nissan LEAF 2024 for sale in Bridgeport, Connecticut is 20,546. Based on the average mileage of 20,546 for used 2024 Nissan LEAF for sale in Bridgeport, CT and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Nissan LEAF 2024 in Bridgeport, Connecticut to be $22,547.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.