Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
623 listings
  • Price Drop
    • 17,641 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from SC to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charleston, SC / 1,839 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD9H47PL008545
    Stock: 27290905
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 2,602 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Holmes Tuttle Ford Lincoln (96 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 96 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H88SL021606
    Stock: H450017A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

    • 33,129 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Germain Honda of Surprise (31 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Surprise, AZ / 31 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    2023 Acura MDX A-SPEC SH-AWD**ORIGINAL MSRP $61,745.00**LIQUID CARBON METALLIC EXTERIOR**RED LEATHER INTERIOR TRIM**1 LCD MONITOR IN THE FRONT**FRONT ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H00PL040197
    Stock: 62159
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 23,507 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tustin, CA / 338 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H04PL022835
    Stock: PL022835A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 4,500 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 7 Seats
    • Acura North Scottsdale (16 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 16 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    3 Reasons to buy from Acura North Scottsdale. 1. Best prices - CHECK OUR PRICE ANYWHERE. 2. Our 'NO HAGGLE' pricing makes it easy to buy. 3. In Scotts...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Title information not provided

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD9H48SL002360
    Stock: A15647
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-16-2024

  • Price Drop
    • 24,625 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 17 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from UT to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in South Jordan, UT / 492 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD8H96PL000099
    Stock: 26638464
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $46,998
    fair price
    $728 above market
    • 25,220 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CO to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Parker, CO / 580 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H09PL040554
    Stock: 27414727
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 24,832 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Verona, NJ / 2,121 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H07PL020741
    Stock: MAJ3614
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 30,140 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 1,949 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H05PL015473
    Stock: 27275871
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 27,260 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from VA to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 1,957 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H02PL003393
    Stock: 26606735
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 28,093 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NE to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Omaha, NE / 1,018 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H03PL009011
    Stock: 26830646
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 30,073 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from UT to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in South Jordan, UT / 492 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H08PL002894
    Stock: 27214356
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 34,573 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NJ to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Maple Shade, NJ / 2,081 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H00PL011198
    Stock: 27366647
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 35,172 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 1,427 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H08PL005679
    Stock: 26808246
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 35,624 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 877 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H88PL017711
    Stock: 2003809828
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

  • New Listing
    • 29,152 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Chapman BMW Chandler (7 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Chandler, AZ / 7 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YD9H44PL004081
    Stock: X561997A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 20,573 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Chapman Acura (103 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tucson, AZ / 103 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H81PL043373
    Stock: A2500125A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $44,990
    fair price
    $752 above market
    • 41,652 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,785 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H07PL037877
    Stock: 2003752266
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

    • 35,235 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Horne Mazda Avondale (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Avondale, AZ / 21 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CARFAX One-Owner. White 2023 Acura MDX A-Spec SH-AWD AWD 10-Speed Automatic 3.5L V6 SOHC i-VTEC 24V Leather.Avondale Mazda is proudly serving and sell...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H02PL030531
    Stock: 250308A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-25-2025

    • 13,582 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Boise, ID / 743 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,High Demand,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H06PL027518
    Stock: 1134P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $44,990
    fair price
    $384 above market
    • 54,612 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,785 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 5J8YE1H84PL020122
    Stock: 2003755789
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 623 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Acura MDX

Read recent reviews for the Acura MDX
Overall Consumer Rating
3.3 out of 5 stars46 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 46 reviews
  • 5 star
    (41%)
  • 4 star
    (9%)
  • 3 star
    (13%)
  • 2 star
    (17%)
  • 1 star
    (20%)
5 out of 5 stars

My 5th MDX and the best yet

SMAS, 12/22/2022
2023 Acura MDX 4dr SUV AWD w/A-Spec Package (3.5L 6cyl 10A)
The A Spec is a fine car that delivers in appeal, quality, functional use, sound system, technology and price. I know it's to be expected that cars improve each year, but this MDX is special. The seats are very comfortable, and the instruments and interior are well laid out. The car is quiet inside with minor road noise noted. The A Spec is about $4000 plus less than the advance and … lacks some features the advance has but nothing I really need (Heated steering wheel, visual display on windshield, touch free rear opening hatch, etc.) I love the sporty look and the car is well designed. My wife has always said I drive a mom's car until this one. She likes it a lot! I am sure there are many fine mid-size SUV's and I have driven a few but I keep coming back to the MDX since I purchased my first one in 2002. This 2023 is nice improvement from my prior 2018 MDX. Very pleased over all.
Report abuse

Used 2023 Acura MDX in Tempe, AZ Values

Estimated values
2023 Acura MDX 4dr SUV w/Technology Package (3.5L 6cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$38,372$40,341$42,560
Clean$37,939$39,854$42,013
Average$37,219$39,043$41,101
Rough$36,282$37,989$39,915

The average list price of a used 2023 Acura MDX in Tempe, Arizona is $48,705. The average mileage on a used Acura MDX 2023 for sale in Tempe, Arizona is 27,228. Based on the average mileage of 27,228 for used 2023 Acura MDX for sale in Tempe, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Acura MDX 2023 in Tempe, Arizona to be $37,219.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.