Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,612 listings
  • Price Drop
    $82,800
    good price
    $5,486 below market
    • 19,967 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 6.7l, 8cyl
    • Craig and Landreth Pre-Owned (474 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Clarksville, IN / 474 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    WE ARE THE LARGEST LUXURY PRE-OWNED DEALER IN KENTUCKIANA WITH 49 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE, A+ BBB RATING! THIS FORD F-350 SD KING RANCH ULTIMATE DRW IS CE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3DT7NEF38244
    Stock: MU20063
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-14-2025

  • $48,995
    great price
    $6,161 below market
    • 84,389 miles
    • 3 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 6.7l, 8cyl
    • Fremont Ford (411 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Fremont, MI / 411 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    EquipmentGood News! This certified CARFAX 1-owner vehicle has only had one owner before you. It offers Android Auto for seamless smartphone in...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3DT4NEC85495
    Stock: T30663A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-29-2025

  • Price Drop
    $65,476
    good price
    $7,364 below market
    • 33,621 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.7l, 8cyl
    • Taylor Ford of Manteno (301 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Manteno, IL / 301 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    2022 Ford F-350SD Lariat Tremor Off Road PackageBlackPower Stroke 6.7L V8 DI 32V OHV Turbodiesel 10-Speed Automatic 4WDCheck out this 2022 F-350...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT7W3BT8NEF17451
    Stock: 98911
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

  • $42,380
    good price
    $5,358 below market
    • 52,266 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 6.2l, 8cyl
    • Jansen Chevrolet (301 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Germantown, IL / 301 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    2022 Ford F-350SD XLTCARFAX One-Owner.Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price!The Jansen Advantage: Complimentary Carfax on all vehicles, Complimentary S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3B68NEF15505
    Stock: J3782A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2025

  • New Listing
    • 58,839 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.7l, 8cyl
    • McLarty Daniel Ford (363 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Bentonville, AR / 363 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Clean CARFAX. 4WD, 5th Wheel/Gooseneck Hitch Prep Package, FX4 Off-Road Package, Hill Descent Control, Off-Road ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3BT9NED89077
    Stock: ED89077
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 08-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    $35,603
    fair price
    $2,657 below market
    • 68,309 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 6.2l, 8cyl
    • Victory Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (181 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Kansas City, KS / 181 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8X3B64NEE83665
    Stock: P165513A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • $49,490
    fair price
    $2,936 below market
    • 47,049 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.7l, 8cyl
    • Princeton Auto Center (274 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Princeton, MN / 274 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    Silver 2022 Ford F-350SD XLT 4WD 10-Speed Automatic Power Stroke 6.7L V8 DI 32V OHV Turbodiesel 4WD, 110V/400W Outlet, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 7 Speakers...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3BT2NEF67248
    Stock: P9908
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-30-2025

  • $51,900
    great price
    $7,363 below market
    • 56,000 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 6.7l, 8cyl
    • Just Right Auto (487 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Newcastle, OK / 487 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3DT2NEE64893
    Stock: E64893
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $49,990
    fair price
    $1,501 below market
    • 71,317 miles
    • 8'2” bed, 6.7l, 8cyl
    • Carvana - Indianapolis (410 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 410 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3DT6NEF62518
    Stock: 2003831554
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

  • $50,498
    fair price
    $771 below market
    • 50,194 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 6.7l, 8cyl
    • Dillon's Auto (166 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Lincoln, NE / 166 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    Price shown includes a $1,000 Finance discount. You must finance 80% of Cash Sales Price, or purchase a service contract to receive this discount. Cle...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3DT0NED75453
    Stock: D75453
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2023

  • Price Drop
    $67,045
    fair price
    $1,106 below market
    • 41,970 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.7l, 8cyl
    • Capital City Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram (221 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Jefferson City, MO / 221 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    Oxford White 2022 Ford F-350SD Platinum 4WD 10-Speed Automatic Power Stroke 6.7L V8 DI 32V OHV Turbodiesel4WD, 3.73 Axle Ratio, ABS brakes, Adjustabl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3BT9NEF70079
    Stock: NEF70079
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-05-2025

  • $39,061
    fair price
    $962 above market
    • 20,514 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 6.2l, 8cyl
    • AutoCenters Nissan (287 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Herculaneum, MO / 287 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    ONE OWNER with ZERO ACCIDENTS, Four Wheel Drive, Power Equipment Group, Platform Running Boards, Tailgate Step, F-350 SuperDuty XL 4X4 - Blind Spot De...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTRF3B69NEG30571
    Stock: R84803
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

  • $39,988
    fair price
    $1,504 above market
    • 77,882 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 7.3l, 8cyl
    • Seth Wadley Ford of Perry (415 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Perry, OK / 415 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    2022 Oxford White Ford F-350SD 4WD 7.3L V8 PFI SOHC 16V Federal 385hp This Ford F-350SD has many features and is well equipped including.CARFAX One-...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3BN6NEF46243
    Stock: SEC37317A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

  • Price Drop
    $64,590
    fair price
    $686 above market
    • 39,469 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 6.7l, 8cyl
    • Carvana - Kansas City (178 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Kansas City, MO / 178 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3BT4NED88645
    Stock: 2003897447
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-28-2025

  • Price Drop
    $62,576
    good price
    $1,885 below market
    • 102,178 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6'10” bed, 6.7l, 8cyl
    • Joe Cooper Ford of Edmond (463 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 463 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    JOE COOPER FORD EDMOND ***405-475-9000*** Recent Arrival! BLUETOOTH HANDS FREE, AUX INPUT, NAVIGATION/GPS/NAV, JOECOOPERFORDEDMOND.COM, Tow Package...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3BT0NED02358
    Stock: SD02358
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 94,225 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • Universal Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (179 mi away)
    • Upgraded Engine
    Close

    Located in Odessa, MO / 179 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    Recent Arrival! 2022 Ford F-350SD XLT FX4 Off-Road 4WD 7.3L V8 **CLEAN CARFAX!!, **BACKUP CAMERA, **APPLE CARPLAY AND ANDROID AUTO, **Bluetooth® CONN...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3BN0NEC02374
    Stock: H3287
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

  • $50,900
    good price
    $6,252 below market
    • 65,563 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8'2” bed, 6.7l, 8cyl
    • Munoz Auto Center (382 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Frankfort, IN / 382 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3DT8NEF30038
    Stock: F30038
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $52,500
    fair price
    $438 above market
    • 121,810 miles
    • 8'2” bed, 6.7l, 8cyl
    • Platinum Auto Group (489 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Minster, OH / 489 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    ALL OF OUR VEHICLES ARE HAND SELECTED BY OUR BUYERS. ALL VEHICLES ARE RAN THROUGH A MULTI-POINT INSPECTION BEFORE HITTING THE LOT. COME CHECK OUT OUR ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3DT4NED12887
    Stock: 14904
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 13,544 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • Tom Kadlec Honda (179 mi away)
    • Upgraded Engine
    Close

    Located in Rochester, MN / 179 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    Ford F-350SD Platinum Power Stroke 6.7L V8 DI 32V OHV Turbodiesel Loaded UP!!!!, Carfax 1 owner, Clean Vehicle History Report, 4WD, 5th Wheel/Goosenec...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3BT5NED36490
    Stock: P12161
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-13-2025

    • 57,096 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 6.7l, 8cyl
    • Great Lakes Ford of Muskegon (397 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Muskegon, MI / 397 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    This vehicle won't be on the lot long! Packed with features and truly a pleasure to drive! Top features include air conditioning, variably intermitten...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FTRF3BT0NEE42737
    Stock: FT5507A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

    • 22,611 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • Brad Manning Ford (253 mi away)
    • Remote keyless entry
    • Gooseneck Hitch Kit ...
    • Steering wheel mount...
    • Heated door mirrors
    • Split folding rear s...
    Close

    Located in DeKalb, IL / 253 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    ** 5th Wheel/Gooseneck Hitch Prep PKG ** 4D Crew Cab, Power Stroke 6.7L V8 Turbodiesel,. Odometer is 48013 miles below market average!*** Brad Man...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1FT8W3BT0NEE58853
    Stock: PTE58853
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-09-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 1,612 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ford F-350 Super Duty

Read recent reviews for the Ford F-350 Super Duty
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars40 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 40 reviews
  • 5 star
    (70%)
  • 4 star
    (8%)
  • 3 star
    (3%)
  • 2 star
    (10%)
  • 1 star
    (10%)
5 out of 5 stars

Huge leap forward comparible to 1999

Swillardo, 01/06/2017
2017 Ford F-350 Super Duty Lariat 4dr Crew Cab 4WD SB (6.2L 8cyl 6A)
This is absolutely the finest pickup I have ever sat in, drove, or used. It rides better than my 99, 02, 03, and 13. It is quieter than all of them, gets better mileage than all of them, and would run circles around all of them in terms of power, acceleration, and towing. The interior is freakishly well though out, Sync 3 finally has Ford in the infotainment game, and they have even … made the seats more comfortable. The visibility out of the cab is amazing, and the supplemental cab heater produces more heat more quickly than the last generation. There just isn't a place where they haven't improved this truck. This is the same leap forward that I felt when I bought my 1999 F250. Ford may take awhile to do a ground up redesign, but when they do it, they go big and all-in. There is only one downside and that is price. I paid invoice for mine and that was pretty close to $66,000. My 13 with similar equipment was about $56,000 at invoice. $10 K in 4 years is nothing to sneeze at. The day is coming soon where I won't be able to afford to buy them any longer, That will be a sad day. But do I think it was worth the jump? Absolutely. The 2017 is $10K better than the 13 if you can come up with the coin for it. Trust me and go drive one.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Ford F-350 Super Duty in Des Moines, IA Values

Estimated values
2022 Ford F-350 Super Duty King Ranch 4dr Crew Cab 4WD LB DRW (6.7L 8cyl Turbodiesel 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$53,874$56,293$58,820
Clean$53,032$55,334$57,736
Average$51,629$53,736$55,929
Rough$49,805$51,659$53,581

The average list price of a used 2022 Ford F-350 Super Duty in Des Moines, Iowa is $53,225. The average mileage on a used Ford F-350 Super Duty 2022 for sale in Des Moines, Iowa is 57,086. Based on the average mileage of 57,086 for used 2022 Ford F-350 Super Duty for sale in Des Moines, IA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ford F-350 Super Duty 2022 in Des Moines, Iowa to be $51,629.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.