Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,625 listings
  • $13,800
    good price
    $1,619 below market
    • 59,514 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Davenport Used Car Superstore (335 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Davenport, IA / 335 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AWD. Odometer is 33359 miles below market average!2018 Dodge Journey SXT 3.6L V6 24V VVT AWD"We're in the customer service business first, the car bus...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDDBG7JT197273
    Stock: P53499A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $12,888
    fair price
    $702 below market
    • 71,934 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Whitewater Motors (480 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in West Harrison, IN / 480 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Carfax reports: No Damage Reported, No Accidents Reported! * QUICK ORDER PACKAGE 28A -inc: Engine: 3.6L V6 24V VVT, Transmission: 6-Speed Automatic 62...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDDBG5JT523653
    Stock: JT523653
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • $7,495
    good price
    $1,434 below market
    • 127,721 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Absolute Motors (432 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Hammond, IN / 432 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB0JT352696
    Stock: 352696
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-18-2025

  • New Listing
    $11,199
    good price
    $1,687 below market
    • 74,965 miles
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 1,458 miles away from Springfield, MO

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Back-Up Camera,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Keyless Start,Steel Wheels,Power Door Locks,Brake A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB9JT443370
    Stock: JT443370P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $7,623
    good price
    $636 below market
    • 170,532 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Dan Deery Toyota (370 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Cedar Falls, IA / 370 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDDGG1JT364400
    Stock: LS24906A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

    • 90,950 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Waco Mitsubishi (451 mi away)
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Waco, TX / 451 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Let the team at Waco Mitsubishi introduce you to an entirely new kind of car-buying experience. This 2018 Dodge Journey SE in Granite Crystal Metallic...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB6JT302000
    Stock: M1651A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2025

  • $10,995
    fair price
    $1,350 below market
    • 98,583 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Green Light Auto (424 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Columbus, IN / 424 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Green Light Auto Sales 2551 25th St. Columbus , IN 47201 8**-7**-1*** This silver Dodge Journey Crossroad is in EXCELLENT condition!!!! Leather trim s...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCGG4JT513537
    Stock: 22380
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • $11,551
    fair price
    $75 below market
    • 98,362 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Smart Honda of Davenport (334 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Davenport, IA / 334 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDDEG0JT389601
    Stock: Q5U389601
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-01-2025

  • Price Drop
    $12,030
    fair price
    $205 below market
    • 90,290 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,086 miles away from Springfield, MO

    3rd Row Seat,Brake Assist,Chrome Wheels,Keyless Start,Steel Wheels,Power Door Locks,Brake Assist,Floor Mats,Front Wheel Drive,Gasoline Fuel,CD Player,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB8JT208863
    Stock: JT208863P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $11,890
    fair price
    $1,230 below market
    • 77,493 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Romeoville (414 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Romeoville, IL / 414 miles away from Springfield, MO

    This Dodge Journey has a strong Regular Unleaded I-4 2.4 L/144 engine powering this Automatic transmission. WHEELS: 19" X 7" BLACK NOISE ALUMINUM (STD...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCGB1JT429633
    Stock: P0286A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

  • $8,995
    good price
    $1,428 below market
    • 92,872 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • West Oak (437 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 437 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB5JT443737
    Stock: 443737
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

  • $10,995
    good price
    $1,379 below market
    • 90,938 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • American Auto Sales (230 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Wichita, KS / 230 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCGB5JT158611
    Stock: 158611
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • $5,995
    fair price
    $456 below market
    • 175,772 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Courtesy Cars (148 mi away)
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Independence, MO / 148 miles away from Springfield, MO

    We have this nice 2018 Dodge Journey SE for sale for $5,995.00. It is loaded up with power windows, locks, cruise, tilt and much more. This SUV has th...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB1JT236536
    Stock: 236536
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

  • Price Drop
    $11,459
    fair price
    $258 below market
    • 80,460 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Airport Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM (170 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Platte City, MO / 170 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB0JT496247
    Stock: 96247AB
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $12,332
    fair price
    $765 below market
    • 86,829 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Singing River Nissan (354 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Florence, AL / 354 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Recent Arrival! Great Deal, Great Price, 1-Year SiriusXM Radio Service, 17" x 6.5" Steel Wheels, 3rd row seats: bench, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 4.28 Axle ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB5JT490492
    Stock: JT490492
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

  • $9,475
    fair price
    $462 below market
    • 132,156 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Your Car Guy Ronnie (457 mi away)
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Alabaster, AL / 457 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB4JT152257
    Stock: 152257
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-22-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $10,643
    fair price
    $536 below market
    • 87,733 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Ed Martin Buick GMC of Anderson (457 mi away)
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Anderson, IN / 457 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Recent Arrival!**NEW VEHICLE TRADE IN**, **POWER DRIVER SEAT**, **3RD ROW SEAT**, **REAR TEMPERATURE CONTROL**, **Journey SE, **FWD, **Pitch Black Cle...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB4GT222719
    Stock: B18276A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

  • $14,500
    fair price
    $1,033 above market
    • 58,285 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Edwards Nissan (312 mi away)
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Council Bluffs, IA / 312 miles away from Springfield, MO

    Outstanding capability and style abound, and our One Owner, Accident Free 2018 Dodge Journey SE is ready to impress you in Granite Pearl! Powered by a...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB5JT533728
    Stock: N251197A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • $14,841
    fair price
    $566 above market
    • 60,541 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Ray Dennison Chevrolet (306 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Pekin, IL / 306 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDDGG4JT371115
    Stock: 4171G
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • New Listing
    $7,950
    fair price
    $219 below market
    • 143,565 miles
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Buy Wright Motors (13 mi away)
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Republic, MO / 13 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDCAB2JT229143
    Stock: 229143
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $13,790
    good price
    $1,666 below market
    • 61,406 miles
    • 7 Seats, 16 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Gurley Leep Hyundai (490 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Mishawaka, IN / 490 miles away from Springfield, MO

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C4PDDGG8JT504250
    Stock: U6N504250
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

Showing 652 - 672 out of 1,625 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Dodge Journey

Read recent reviews for the Dodge Journey
Overall Consumer Rating
4 out of 5 stars49 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 49 reviews
  • 5 star
    (57%)
  • 4 star
    (18%)
  • 3 star
    (6%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (14%)
5 out of 5 stars

Tired of All the Negative Press!

Nails, 01/09/2019
2018 Dodge Journey SXT 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl 6A)
When you look at a vehicle in this class you are looking for okay looks, good inside room and access, decent handling and gas mileage, and perhaps throw in the third seat. This Medium Sized SUV has all of that, and my three previous Journeys had been very reliable and needed minimal maintenance until I turned each in, at around 70K miles. I must add that the first iteration had some … issues with the brakes wearing out prematurely, and not being quite up to the task of stopping this vehicle. The transmission also failed catastrophically at 50K, but was replaced under warranty by Dodge with no questions asked. Since that initial stab at it, Dodge has done major improvements in enlarging the disc brakes and creating a much more dependable transmission! This car is priced right, looks great in the bright red finish, has AWD and I am leaving most other drivers in the dust when I take off from a start or need to speed up at highway speeds (within reason that is!). I usually drive around 25K miles per year, up to 85 miles MPH and this car is stable even in substantial winds, gets a bit over 21 MPG and I am happy with it. No backup camera in my version, which is a company car, but aside from that inconvenience, it has everything that I need. And the Stereo is really something to hear, great bass. All in all, a very nice package and not one that matches the online reviews that I have seen. Let's get realistic and realize that this car is very popular (at least in car happy SoCal!) and is a great deal!
Report abuse

Used 2018 Dodge Journey in Springfield, MO Values

Estimated values
2018 Dodge Journey SXT 4dr SUV AWD (3.6L 6cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$8,936$11,235$13,136
Clean$8,578$10,772$12,579
Average$7,982$10,000$11,650
Rough$7,206$8,996$10,443

The average list price of a used 2018 Dodge Journey in Springfield, Missouri is $11,086. The average mileage on a used Dodge Journey 2018 for sale in Springfield, Missouri is 96,710. Based on the average mileage of 96,710 for used 2018 Dodge Journey for sale in Springfield, MO and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Dodge Journey 2018 in Springfield, Missouri to be $7,982.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.