Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
619 listings
    • 99,922 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Wells Auto Group (118 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Mckinney, TX / 118 miles away from Waco, TX

    2020 Cadillac Escalade ESV Luxury 4WD. Clean CARFAX.Most of our vehicles also pre-qualify for up to a 100,000 mile extended warranty and low finance...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ3LR188122
    Stock: LR188122
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    $30,000
    good price
    $1,596 below market
    • 121,750 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Bob Moore Cadillac of Edmond (281 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 281 miles away from Waco, TX

    *BOBMOORECADILLACOKC.COM*(405)749-9000*FRESH TRADE-IN ALERT, Air Conditioning, Apple CarPlay/Android Auto, Automatic Emergency Braking, Automatic te...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ7LR192500
    Stock: RR401887A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

    • 99,331 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Boutique Texas (184 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Alvin, TX / 184 miles away from Waco, TX

    Carfax and Autocheck accident free.Auto Boutique is proud to offer excellent, pre-owned vehicles. With our no haggle pricing policy you can be sure yo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ9LR248114
    Stock: T25008
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

    • 49,189 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • TX Auto Group (160 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 160 miles away from Waco, TX

    You can always find 50+ photos, plus a walk around video of all of our vehicles on our website. You can find the video above the profile picture of th...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKJ4LR196284
    Stock: 196284-CMAX
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 81,278 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • James Wood Chevrolet Denton (112 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Denton, TX / 112 miles away from Waco, TX

    CRYSTAL WHITE TRICOAT exterior and DARK AUBURN/ BLACK ACCENTS interior, Premium Luxury Platinum trim. CARFAX 1-Owner. Navigation, DVD Entertainment Sy...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4MKL9MR161356
    Stock: 252662A1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-10-2025

  • New Listing
    • 51,120 miles
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Austin North (84 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 84 miles away from Waco, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3HKJ7LR221979
    Stock: 26782901
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 91,362 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Tom Peacock Cadillac (148 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 148 miles away from Waco, TX

    Recent Arrival! Tom Peacock Cadillac is proud to present you with another True Market Priced Pre-Owned Vehicle . This 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3PKL2MR211499
    Stock: C250806A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-02-2025

    • 75,262 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Hi-Line Motors (103 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 103 miles away from Waco, TX

    HiLine Motors is proud to present this stunning 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport Platinum, a flagship full-size luxury SUV that redefines elegance, in...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL4MR350591
    Stock: 350591
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

    • 55,432 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Bayway Cadillac Southwest (161 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 161 miles away from Waco, TX

    Certified. This 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV Luxury is loaded with the following Factory Options:Preferred Equipment Group 1SA, Cadillac Certified Pre-O...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3JKL7MR237738
    Stock: SP2235
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

    • 56,483 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Hi-Line Motors (103 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 103 miles away from Waco, TX

    Now available is an extraordinary and highly customized 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium Luxury Platinum, finished in the ultra-rare and eye-catchin...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3MKLXMR306777
    Stock: 306777
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 103,318 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Dallas (89 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 89 miles away from Waco, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3GKJXKR253186
    Stock: 2003643469
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-17-2025

    • 31,306 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Bayway Cadillac Southwest (161 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 161 miles away from Waco, TX

    Certified. This 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium Luxury Platinum is loaded with the following Factory Options:Driver Assist Tech Package (Adaptive C...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4MKL1MR260141
    Stock: S250775A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

    • 80,267 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • THIScar (137 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tomball, TX / 137 miles away from Waco, TX

    As one of the largest online vehicle sales platforms in the nation, we sell and deliver vehicles all over the country every day and we offer guarantee...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL1MR310307
    Stock: OR310307
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-02-2025

    • 53,416 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Tom Peacock Cadillac (148 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 148 miles away from Waco, TX

    Tom Peacock Cadillac is proud to present you with another True Market Priced Pre-Owned Vehicle . This 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport Platinum is loa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKLXMR377682
    Stock: P3911
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

    • 82,956 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Audi Dominion (159 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 159 miles away from Waco, TX

    Welcome to Audi Dominion, a Cavender Auto Family dealership. This vehicle is located at 21105 IH-10 West, San Antonio, TX 78257. Here at Cavender, we ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL3MR261451
    Stock: MR261451
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

    • 91,976 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Boutique Texas (184 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Alvin, TX / 184 miles away from Waco, TX

    Auto Boutique is proud to offer excellent, pre-owned vehicles. With our no haggle pricing policy you can be sure you are getting the best deal possibl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4MKL0MR377693
    Stock: T24901
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

    • 120,037 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Dallas I Car (93 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 93 miles away from Waco, TX

    2019 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium Luxury Sport Utility 4D V8, 6.2 Liter Automatic, 10-Spd w/Overdrive 2WD 4 8 SUV Gasoline 420 Gray Black 14 23Dallas...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3JKJ5KR144714
    Stock: 144714
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 36,394 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Planet Lincoln (144 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Spring, TX / 144 miles away from Waco, TX

    Come by today to see this one in person. Soft and luxurious leather seating. Call ASAP! This one won't last long. Easy to use navigation system in...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL3MR264690
    Stock: SL0447A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

    • 133,172 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, taxi vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Ford Katy (148 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Katy, TX / 148 miles away from Waco, TX

    Entertainment System; Rear SeatWheels; 22" X 9" (55.9 Cm X 22.9 Cm) 12-Spoke Alloy With Polished FinishSun/MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation System...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ8KR380635
    Stock: KR380635
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

  • Price Drop
    $56,999
    good price
    $1,892 below market
    • 55,722 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Joe Cooper Lincoln of Edmond (281 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 281 miles away from Waco, TX

    Call 405-475-9600 for more information! Joe Cooper Lincoln in Edmond offers quality Pre-owned at below market pricing. Shop at JOECOOPERLINCOLN.COM....

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKL8MR234494
    Stock: S234494
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

  • New Listing
    • 55,193 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Park Place Motorcars Fort Worth a Mercedes-Benz Dealer (79 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 79 miles away from Waco, TX

    RECALL NOTICE: Some vehicles offered for sale may be subject to unrepaired manufacturer safety recalls. To determine the recall status of a vehicle, v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4PKL8MR296197
    Stock: PMF250697A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 619 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac Escalade ESV

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac Escalade ESV
Overall Consumer Rating
3.2 out of 5 stars32 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 32 reviews
  • 5 star
    (41%)
  • 4 star
    (9%)
  • 3 star
    (13%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (34%)
5 out of 5 stars

My dream vehicle!

Cindy W., 01/28/2020
2018 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium Luxury 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 10A)
If you're looking for a great ride, a ton of bells and whistles and a stylish vehicle, you're going to love owning an Escalade. This SUV has everything, hiding spots for your belongings, USB ports everywhere, 120v plugin, a ton of Bose speakers and so much more. The camera system is amazing! When I flip up my rear view mirror I see traffic behind me. When I pull into my garage I … still get the 360 view to make sure that I'm over enough and in far enough. My only issue, and this is a me issue is that this is sooo much bigger than the Tahoe I came from. This one is a beast ;o) so I'm having problems pulling into parking spots still, but with time, I'm sure that I'll nail it.
Report abuse

Used 2020 Cadillac Escalade ESV in Waco, TX Values

Estimated values
2020 Cadillac Escalade ESV Luxury 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$30,780$34,245$37,576
Clean$30,220$33,618$36,885
Average$29,286$32,574$35,732
Rough$28,073$31,216$34,234

The average list price of a used 2020 Cadillac Escalade ESV in Waco, Texas is $50,861. The average mileage on a used Cadillac Escalade ESV 2020 for sale in Waco, Texas is 77,376. Based on the average mileage of 77,376 for used 2020 Cadillac Escalade ESV for sale in Waco, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac Escalade ESV 2020 in Waco, Texas to be $29,286.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.