Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
509 listings

$0
Volvo S60 rebates in 52405
Check your savings potential before you buy

    • 23,548 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Suntrup West County Volvo Cars (242 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Manchester, MO / 242 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Certified. CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Grey 2024 Volvo S60 Recharge Plug-In Hybrid 2.0L I4 AWD Automatic with Geartronic T8 Plus Dark Theme2.0L ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (30 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRH60FL2RG319652
    Stock: L5421
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes

    • 29,418 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Junge Volvo Cars (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Hiawatha, IA / 5 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    2022 Volvo S60 B5 Momentum SilverB5 Momentum AWD Automatic with Geartronic **ONE OWNER**, *SUNROOF/MOONROOF*, **LEATHER**, **HEATED SEATS**, *NEW ARRI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRL12TZ0NG187174
    Stock: X25110
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

  • New Listing
    • 2,663 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Midway Autohaus (202 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bridgeview, IL / 202 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRL12TL5NG173878
    Stock: 26742
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Know your buying power

    Shop smarter by knowing your car’s value.

    Appraise my car
    • 51,019 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Scherer Volvo Cars (136 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Peoria, IL / 136 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Recent Arrival! White Volvo S60 B5 MomentumVolvo Certified Pre-Owned Details:* Warranty Deductible: $0* Limited Warranty: 12 Month/Unlimited Mile Upgr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRL12FZ9NG157571
    Stock: 157571
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

    • 86,198 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Honda World (479 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Conway, AR / 479 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.2022 Volvo S60 B5 Momentum FWD Automatic with Geartronic 2.0L I4 TurbochargedHome...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRL12FZ2NG193022
    Stock: HW2117
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 48,106 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Honda World (479 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Conway, AR / 479 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Clean CARFAX.Black 2022 Volvo S60 B5 R-Design FWD Automatic with Geartronic 2.0L I4 Turbocharged4-Wheel Disc Bra...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRL12FM9NG161236
    Stock: 47799A1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • New Listing
    • 19,803 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • AutoNation Ford Memphis (487 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 487 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Panoramic RoofLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartThis vehicle includes a Money-Back Guarantee* and passed our precise inspection process. Best of al...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRL12FK0RG319760
    Stock: RG319760
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 118,618 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Ricart Used Car Factory (483 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Groveport, OH / 483 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    360 Surround View Camera, Advanced Package, Climate Package, harman/kardon? Premium Sound System, Heated front seats, Heated Steering Wheel, Leather S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRL12TLXNG158227
    Stock: PRC41041
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 53,510 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 751 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (30 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRH60FM0NG192337
    Stock: 2003689009
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

  • New Listing
    • 38,950 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Lafontaine Volvo Cars of Farmington Hills (425 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Farmington Hills, MI / 425 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    2022 Volvo S60 B5 R-Design Thunder Gray Metallic Certified. CARFAX One-Owner. Hands Free Blue Tooth, Rear View Back Up Camera, Sunroof / Moonroof, Loc...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRL12TMXNG193150
    Stock: 5Y114K
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 42,564 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Volvo Cars of Nashville (483 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 483 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    2022 S60 B5 MOMENTUM. CRYSTAL WHITE / CHARCOAL LEATHER. VOLVO CERTIFIED PREOWNED WARRANTY WITH UNLIMITED MILEAGE EXPIRING 11/17/2026. NAVIGATION, FOG ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRL12TZ5NG162268
    Stock: P2268
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 03-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 123,368 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • College Chevrolet Buick (357 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Albion, MI / 357 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    NA.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRL12TZ4NG154727
    Stock: 7583
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-06-2025

  • New Listing
    Photos not available
    • 215,743 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5cyl automatic
    • Inver Grove Honda (212 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Inver Grove Heights, MN / 212 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Clean CARFAX. 2012 Volvo S60 T5 Gray FWDRecent Arrival! 20/30 City/Highway MPGCall us at 651-306-8600 or come visit Inver Grove Honda conveniently loc...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV1622FS8C2143581
    Stock: S5894A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 44,633 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Volvo Cars Cool Springs (491 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Brentwood, TN / 491 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    2022 Volvo S60 B5 MomentumClimate Package, Front Park Assist, Headlight High Pressure Cleaning, Heated Front Seats, Heated Steering Wheel, HomeLink Ga...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (26 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRL12FZ2NG161672
    Stock: PU161672
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 121,411 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use
    • 5cyl automatic
    • Fulton Ford (218 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Fulton, MO / 218 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    2012 Volvo S60 T5 Caspian Blue Metallic 17" Balder Alloy Wheels, Air Conditioning, Alloy wheels, Anti-whiplash front head restraints, Auto-Dimming Rea...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV1622FS3C2126378
    Stock: C2126378
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 72,200 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5cyl automatic
    • Volvo Cars of Louisville (416 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Louisville, KY / 416 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV1612FS2E2289397
    Stock: P155566A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-23-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 123,641 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5cyl automatic
    • JP Sides Mazda (343 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Cape Girardeau, MO / 343 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    EquipmentThe vehicle keeps you comfortable with Auto Climate. Good News! This certified CARFAX 1-owner vehicle has only had one owner before you. Blue...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV1612FS9E2296993
    Stock: N5394A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-25-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 48,717 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Scherer Volvo Cars (136 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Peoria, IL / 136 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Recent Arrival! Silver Volvo S60 B5 MomentumShop, Click & Buy with confidence at Scherer Volvo as your complete satisfaction is our ONLY priority!

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRL12TZXNG156093
    Stock: 156093
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 05-06-2025

  • New Listing
    • 36,796 miles
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Luther Westside Volkswagen (222 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Saint Louis Park, MN / 222 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    NAV, Sunroof, Heated Leather Seats, Remote Engine Start, Panoramic Sunroof, Alloy Wheels, Premium Sound, All Wheel Drive, Satellite Radio. CLICK ME! D...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    30 Combined MPG (28 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRBR0FZ0NG154194
    Stock: P34493
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 99,730 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Lee's Summit Subaru (251 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lees Summit, MO / 251 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! 2023 Volvo S60 Recharge Plug-In Hybrid T8 Plus Dark Theme **HIGH DEMAND**, **ONE OWNER**, **AWD/4WD**, **ADAPTIV...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    31 Combined MPG (30 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRH60FL6PG234407
    Stock: SP8109
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-11-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 128,741 miles
    • 5cyl automatic
    • Goetzman Motorcar (492 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Mount Vernon, OH / 492 miles away from Cedar Rapids, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (21 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV1612FS6D2218931
    Stock: 19-973
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2024

Showing 274 - 294 out of 509 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Volvo S60

Read recent reviews for the Volvo S60
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars37 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 37 reviews
  • 5 star
    (54%)
  • 4 star
    (24%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
4 out of 5 stars

Very Good Car

Ted V, 08/04/2017
2018 Volvo S60 T5 Inscription Platinum 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A)
I am on my third S60 and have loved them all. My first S60 I owned and sold it in 2015 because my wife insisted on me driving a car with all the safety improvements. This brings me to one of the very few problems with the S60 and that is resale value. Like so many other cars nowadays my near perfect car with normal mileage was worth less than 50% on a trade. However the up to date safety … features prevented me from two serious accidents so it was worth it. The car drives great. The comfort, quality feel, gas mileage and all the features work great. The only reason I ever go back to my dealer is for recommended maintenance. What I like about the S60 is I never feel bored driving it. I recently leased an end of year 2017 because the incentives to turn my 2015 in early were so sensational it made sense to do it. For the first time I got the Inscription model with the platinum trim. The extra legroom in the rear seat answered another issue with my two previous S60s. This is the best version I have had yet. The car now comes with an automatic shade for the rear window and manual shades for the two rear passengers. These are great to keep the kids cooler. This is a very good car.
Report abuse

Used 2024 Volvo S60 in Cedar Rapids, IA Values

Estimated values
2024 Volvo S60 Recharge T8 Plus 4dr Sedan AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo gas/electric plug-in hybrid 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$29,598$31,705$34,274
Clean$29,250$31,294$33,788
Average$28,670$30,609$32,978
Rough$27,917$29,718$31,925

The average list price of a used 2024 Volvo S60 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa is $26,850. The average mileage on a used Volvo S60 2024 for sale in Cedar Rapids, Iowa is 72,827. Based on the average mileage of 72,827 for used 2024 Volvo S60 for sale in Cedar Rapids, IA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Volvo S60 2024 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa to be $28,670.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.