Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
42 listings
    • 9,289 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 205 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33AZ04MCG98268
    Stock: 2003790593
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

    • 40,189 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Bend, OR / 1,709 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Low Mileage,High Demand,Rare Find,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Turbo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS3R9C55FK333931
    Stock: FK333931P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $42,590
    fair price
    • 44,175 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 205 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS3R9C56FK330293
    Stock: 2003812631
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

  • New Listing
    $39,590
    fair price
    $184 above market
    • 57,643 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 566 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS3R9C55FK333332
    Stock: 2003697152
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-11-2025

  • New Listing
    • 5,583 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • ABZ Motors (24 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 24 miles away from Spring, TX

    Recent Arrival! CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX.LoJack.2023 BMW M4 Competition Black Automatic 3.0L I6 Turbocharged DOHC 24V LEV3-ULEV70 503hpPa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33AZ07PCL51437
    Stock: PCL51437
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

  • New Listing
    • 62,120 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from Pharr, TX*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Pharr, TX / 309 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS3U9C56FP967699
    Stock: 27041687
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 12,233 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • ABZ Motors (24 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 24 miles away from Spring, TX

    Recent Arrival! CARFAX One-Owner.ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Compass, Electronic Stability Control, Front dual zone A/C, Heated door mirrors, Heated f...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33BA06PCM46640
    Stock: PCM46640
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

  • New Listing
    • 51,739 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automated manual
    • Texas Trade In (12 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 12 miles away from Spring, TX

    Check out the FULL walk around Video here:https://youtu.be/8UMBqWsylk8Carbon Fiber edition Carbon fiber roof Overhead DisplayLowered Tuned 640HP 560 T...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS3R9C57FK331839
    Stock: 331839
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    $66,990
    great price
    $6,718 below market
    • 8,261 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 1,105 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS53AZ04NCH91477
    Stock: 2003803154
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • New Listing
    $66,990
    good price
    $4,750 below market
    • 12,227 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Kansas City, MO / 630 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS53AZ01NCJ66712
    Stock: 2003795786
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 12,878 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 802 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33BA00NCH47307
    Stock: 2003747608
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

  • Price Drop
    $61,586
    fair price
    $547 above market
    • 41,361 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Clovis, CA / 1,467 miles away from Spring, TX

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Leather Seats,Navigation...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33BA04NCJ22826
    Stock: NCJ22826PL
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 34,551 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • ABZ Motors (24 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 24 miles away from Spring, TX

    Recent Arrival! CARFAX One-Owner.ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Compass, Electronic Stability Control, Front dual zone A/C, Heated door mirrors, Heated f...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33BA02RCN05489
    Stock: RCN05489
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

    • 4,807 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Lamborghini Houston (7 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 7 miles away from Spring, TX

    Lamborghini Houston is delighted to showcase, this Pre-Owned 2025 BMW M4 Competition M xDrive Coupe Dressed in a striking Black Sapphire Metall...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33HK06SCT08056
    Stock: PSCT08056
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

  • New Listing
    • 13,810 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 205 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33BA05PCL15022
    Stock: 2003700401
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

    • 20,883 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Clovis, CA / 1,467 miles away from Spring, TX

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Leather Seats,Navigation...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33AZ03PCL64850
    Stock: PCL64850PR
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $80,990
    good price
    $5,411 below market
    • 8,274 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Albuquerque, NM / 735 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS43AZ04RCP33142
    Stock: 2003814799
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    $81,999
    good price
    $3,568 below market
    • 6,107 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Ramsey, NJ / 1,418 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarFax 1-Owner,Low Mileage,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heads-Up Display,Heate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS43AZ08RCR28791
    Stock: B8292P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $71,990
    fair price
    $205 below market
    • 19,605 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 393 miles away from Spring, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33AZ06RCR77080
    Stock: 2003819229
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • $91,975
    good price
    $6,786 below market
    • 4,689 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Jake Sweeney Express (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 895 miles away from Spring, TX

    FULLY LOADED M4 COMP xDrive W/ EXEC PACK, DRIVING ASSISTANCE PROFESSIONAL, MORE! HUGE SAVINGS MSRP $98,575! Heated/VENTILATED Leather Seats, Nav, Back...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33HK05SCT21574
    Stock: B77265
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 1,932 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Seaside, CA / 1,578 miles away from Spring, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33HK08SCS09206
    Stock: SCS09206BR
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 22 - 42 out of 42 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW M4

Read recent reviews for the BMW M4
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars36 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 36 reviews
  • 5 star
    (75%)
  • 4 star
    (14%)
  • 3 star
    (3%)
  • 2 star
    (8%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
4 out of 5 stars

M4 after 16k miles of driving

Keith Sanders , 03/12/2018
2016 BMW M4 2dr Coupe (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 6M)
Comparing this to my ‘17 911S Porsche May help. The M4 is an awesome vehicle overall. The MDCT is not as smooth as the 911’s PDK however. The engine is awesome but I find the width of the rear tires to be insufficient at 275 mm vs 305 mm for the 911S. So it spins way too easily—this is a known problem on the Bimmerfest forums too. I am running very good Michelin Pilot Super Sports as … well. I will try going at least 295 mm wide with 10.5” or 11” with wheels at tire change time. This will cost around $2,500 extra to remediate this problem. One annoying thing is that the BMW speedometer reads too fast by about 2 mph at 60 mph; so speedometer shows 62 when you are doing 60–again this is a well documented issue with BMW. The interior and media interface are class leaders. The technology is superior with things like Apple Car Play, very smart bright lights, cruise control, fuel consumption, various programmed driving modes, excellent wet road handling, etc. So awesome car that seriously need slightly wider tires on the rear.
Report abuse

Used 2021 BMW M4 in Spring, TX Values

Estimated values
2021 BMW M4 Competition 2dr Coupe (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$61,683$65,131$68,614
Clean$60,395$63,636$66,900
Average$58,248$61,146$64,043
Rough$55,458$57,908$60,329

The average list price of a used 2021 BMW M4 in Spring, Texas is $69,855. The average mileage on a used BMW M4 2021 for sale in Spring, Texas is 22,493. Based on the average mileage of 22,493 for used 2021 BMW M4 for sale in Spring, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW M4 2021 in Spring, Texas to be $58,248.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.