Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
123 listings
  • $81,995
    good price
    $3,910 below market
    • 9,114 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Premier Auto Lounge (47 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Clearwater, FL / 47 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    To learn more about this vehicle, please contact Oliver at (8**) 3**-3*** or Jose at (8**) 2**-1*** for Spanish-speaking assistance. We look forward t...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33AY04PFN77757
    Stock: N77757
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-20-2025

  • Price Drop
    $87,995
    fair price
    $91 below market
    • 5,067 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • Braman BMW West Palm Beach (146 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in West Palm Beach, FL / 146 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    COVERED BY BMW CERTIFIED WARRANTY UNLIMITED MILES, LOW LOW MILES, Local Trade, EXECUTIVE PACKAGE, PARKING ASSISTANCE PACKAGE, 19/20" M Dual-Spoke Silv...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS23HJ03SFT82742
    Stock: BC-67925A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • Price Drop
    $81,500
    good price
    $2,949 below market
    • 29,024 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Eatontown, NJ / 960 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Apple CarPlay,Automatic Parking,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heads-Up Dis...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS43AY06PFR28947
    Stock: PFR28947T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 14,056 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Next Level Motors (183 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in North Miami, FL / 183 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS43AY06RFS24699
    Stock: 4699
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $83,800
    good price
    $2,263 below market
    • 9,241 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Germain Honda of Naples (126 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Naples, FL / 126 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 5362 miles below market average! Active Driving Assistant Pro, BMW Curved Display w/HUD, Connected Package...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33AY0XPFN77875
    Stock: HB15517
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    $31,990
    good price
    $3,611 below market
    • 45,814 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,820 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (13 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBSDX9C59DE785631
    Stock: 2003711594
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    $87,500
    good price
    $2,242 below market
    • 1,270 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of South Miami (194 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 194 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    2025 BMW M3 Competition For sale in. Brooklyn Gray Metallic Standout Features are, Carfax Accident Free, Park Distance Control Front And Rear Parking ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS23HJ06SFU19881
    Stock: FU19881
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

  • $79,995
    fair price
    $2,148 below market
    • 13,677 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG, Manual
    • Presidential Auto Sales, Service, and Leasing (160 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Delray Beach, FL / 160 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    Vehicle Overview Presidential Auto is proud to offer this striking 2023 BMW M3, finished in Tanzanite Blue II with Fione Red Merlino Interior. Powered...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS53AY0XPFP48438
    Stock: P12760
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-22-2024

  • $88,500
    fair price
    $2,070 below market
    • 29,101 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Premier Auto Lounge (47 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Clearwater, FL / 47 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    Welcome to PREMIER AUTO LOUNGE, Where Automotive Excellence Meets a Relaxed Buying Experience. The car buying process should not have to feel like run...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS43AY05PFN47736
    Stock: N47736
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-18-2025

  • New Listing
    $86,590
    fair price
    $1,550 above market
    • 12,470 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 424 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS43AY00PFN81647
    Stock: 2003920158
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2025

  • $84,817
    fair price
    $792 above market
    • 19,925 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Palmetto Alfa Romeo FIAT (184 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in North Miami, FL / 184 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    VERY LOW MILES! At just 19925 miles, this 2023 BMW provides great value. LOADED WITH VALUE! Comes equipped with: Executive Package, Icon Adaptive Led ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS43AY05PFP61514
    Stock: PFP61514
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 4,202 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche Jacksonville (161 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 161 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    Odometer is 13699 miles below market average!One Owner, Clean Carfax, Non-Smoker, BMW Head Up Display, Executive Package, Heated Steering Wheel, Power...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS43AY08PFR20817
    Stock: SS225980B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

    • 17,018 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl manual
    • Exotic Knights (45 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 45 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    "Stripper" E92 Comp M3,17,000 miles, 6 Speed Manual, Cloth Seats, Competition Package, Single Hump - No nav, Carbon Fiber Roof

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBSKG9C58DJ594197
    Stock: E795
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 9,453 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Arrigo Alfa Romeo of West Palm (144 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in West Palm Beach, FL / 144 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    Gray Metallic 2023 BMW M3 Competition AWD 8-Speed Automatic Steptronic ONE OWNER CLEAN CARFAX, ONE OWNER, CLEAN CARFAX, GOOD MAINTENANCE HISTORY, NON-...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS43AY02PFN80113
    Stock: FN80113
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    $38,590
    great price
    $8,293 below market
    • 48,744 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automated manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,372 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBSKG9C51CE798136
    Stock: 2003767350
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • New Listing
    $81,998
    great price
    $6,500 below market
    • 12,072 miles
    • 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MA to FL*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Norwood, MA / 1,150 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33AY03RFR63783
    Stock: 26970977
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $91,999
    good price
    $6,001 below market
    • 12,252 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Fields BMW of Lakeland (5 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lakeland, FL / 5 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    GREAT MILES 12,252! NAV, Heated Leather Seats, Dual Zone A/C, iPod/MP3 Input, Satellite Radio, Premium Sound System, Rear Air, Alloy Wheels, Turbo, EX...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS43AY04RFS79183
    Stock: LPF7255
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

  • New Listing
    $91,998
    good price
    $2,872 below market
    • 11,550 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • HGreg Lux (164 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Pompano Beach, FL / 164 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS43AY00RFS42714
    Stock: 912034
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • $84,000
    fair price
    $546 above market
    • 16,837 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 16 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of Ocala (78 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Ocala, FL / 78 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    This BMW M3 is Certified Preowned! CARFAX 1-Owner! Value priced below the market average! This 2024 BMW M3 Competition, has a great Alpine White exter...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS33AY03RFT44455
    Stock: MY24260A
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-15-2025

  • $94,980
    fair price
    $1,843 above market
    • 3,273 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Limited Spec Automotive (185 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 185 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    ABOUT THIS VEHICLE The 2024 BMW M3 Competition xDrive is a high-performance sports sedan combining aggressive styling with all-weather capability. It ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS43AY03RFR74867
    Stock: R74867
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • $91,977
    fair price
    $72 above market
    • 3,070 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • City Motor Miami (186 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Miami, FL / 186 miles away from Lakeland, FL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBS43AY00RFS05940
    Stock: S05940
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

Showing 64 - 84 out of 123 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW M3

Read recent reviews for the BMW M3
Overall Consumer Rating
5 out of 5 stars17 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 17 reviews
  • 5 star
    (100%)
  • 4 star
    (0%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Super sports sedan - room to improve in luxury

lewkh, 08/01/2016
2016 BMW M3 4dr Sedan (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 6M)
Likes: Head-up display with road speed limit info; rev-matching downshift better than my heel-toe skills; LED headlamps (driving lamps would be a great bonus); full leather option worth it; classic BMW instrument panel; split screen for navigation/audio. Dislikes (room for improvement): can't reset default engine/suspension/steering settings--have to select M1 every time one starts up … car; lacks rear middle armrest/cup holders; front air dam easily scrapes on sloped parking lot entries/exit; comfort access buttons only on two front doors (not available on rear doors like Audi's); side lane change assist non-functional at slower speeds (unlike Mercedes-Benz); top view needs a front camera; no synchronization button for HVAC; when CD ejects, it always reverts back to AM/FM radio even if satellite radio was last station played. Despite all the areas of details that would improve the luxury quotient, the sport attributes would make me select the M3 if I had to buy again!
Report abuse

Used 2023 BMW M3 in Lakeland, FL Values

Estimated values
2023 BMW M3 Competition 4dr Sedan (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$57,729$61,956$66,728
Clean$57,128$61,175$65,742
Average$56,126$59,873$64,098
Rough$54,823$58,180$61,961

The average list price of a used 2023 BMW M3 in Lakeland, Florida is $82,364. The average mileage on a used BMW M3 2023 for sale in Lakeland, Florida is 15,582. Based on the average mileage of 15,582 for used 2023 BMW M3 for sale in Lakeland, FL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW M3 2023 in Lakeland, Florida to be $56,126.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.