Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
250 listings
  • Price Drop
    $39,991
    fair price
    $57 above market
    • 60,259 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Jacksonville (500 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 500 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    Odometer is 1378 miles below market average! CLS 53 AMG® 4MATIC® 4MATIC®BLUETOOTH Bluetooth is a registered mark of Bluetooth SIG, Inc, BACKUP CAMERA,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDD2J6BB0KA042940
    Stock: PBT9265
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

    • 46,383 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Callahan Motor Company (499 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 499 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    Introducing the exquisite 2017 Mercedes-Benz CLS 550, a luxurious sedan meticulously crafted for those who appreciate the perfect union of power and e...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ7DB3HA193822
    Stock: 22620
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-29-2024

    • 78,965 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 20 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Mira Auto Sales (423 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 423 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    **2015 Mercedes Benz CLS 400** - **Mileage: 78XXX - **Engine: 3.0L V6 Twin Turbocharger - **Title: CLEAN - **Drivetrain: RWD **Features** - **Leat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ6FB4FA138672
    Stock: 138672
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 138,146 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Dothan (286 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Dothan, AL / 286 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    WHEELS: 19 AMG MULTI-SPOKE -inc: Tires: 19, WHEEL PACKAGE -inc: Sportline Package, PREMIUM 2 PACKAGE -inc: Power Rear-Window Sunshade, Electronic Trun...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ7DB2HA199336
    Stock: MB8574A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 56,965 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Giles Hyundai (298 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Alexandria, LA / 298 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    Exclusively at Giles Free Lifetime Powertrain Warranty. Diamond Silver Metallic 2017 Mercedes-Benz CLS 550 18/26 City/Highway MPGRecent Trade, Lo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ7DB0HA191025
    Stock: H2164C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-07-2025

  • New Listing
    • 48,533 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Dallas (473 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 473 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDD2J6BB1KA042977
    Stock: 2003830872
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-24-2025

    • 48,269 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Astorg Pre-Owned Plaza (486 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Charleston, WV / 486 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDD2J5KB4KA017971
    Stock: MX10779A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

    • 41,675 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Grapevine (487 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grapevine, TX / 487 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    Certified. Graphite Gray Metallic 2020 Mercedes-Benz CLS 450RWD 9-Speed Automatic I6LED Logo Projectors, 12.3" Digital Instrument Cluster, 3-Spoke N...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: W1K2J5JB5LA075056
    Stock: MC42027
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 06-12-2025

    • 44,639 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 16 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Southland Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (339 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houma, LA / 339 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    14 Speakers, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, ABS brakes, Adaptive suspension, Air Conditioning, Alloy wheels, AM/FM radio: SiriusXM, Anti-whiplash front head res...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (16 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ7GB3HA197980
    Stock: 5J0203B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

    • 66,847 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 24 Hwy MPG
    • Best Choice Motors (438 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Lafayette, IN / 438 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    Let Best Choice Motors show you how easy it is to find a quality pre-owned vehicle. We specialize in auto financing and work with ALL types of credit....

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (17 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ9BB3FA154420
    Stock: CON420
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-03-2025

    • 67,147 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Hi-Line Motors (470 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 470 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    Now available is an absolutely loaded and meticulously crafted 2019 Mercedes-Benz AMG CLS 53 4MATIC Coupe, finished in a striking Graphite Grey Metall...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDD2J6BB0KA019903
    Stock: 019903
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

    • 57,439 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Web Expo (470 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 470 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    Inductive Wireless Charging w/NFC Pairing, Navigation system: COMAND®, Premium Package, SiriusXM Radio. Vehicle's equipment and options listed are to ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDD2J5JB5KA036627
    Stock: P036627
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

  • New Listing
    Photos not available
    • 108,546 miles
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Overland Park Imports (464 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Overland Park, KS / 464 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    THIS IS A NEW LEXUS TRADE IN. SHOWROOM CONDITION INSIDE AND OUT!!! FULLY LOADED WITH ALL WHEEL DRIVE AND ALL THE EXTRAS. WE HAVE THE PERFECT CARFAX WI...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ9BB9HA196917
    Stock: A99788
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 133,070 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 17 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Salvage Reseller West (487 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 487 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    This vehicle is located at Colton, CA Copart yard. All purchases must take place online at www.salvagereseller.com. Visit our website to learn more.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (17 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ7DB1EA112537
    Stock: 60603235
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-23-2025

  • Photos not available
    • 91,851 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 20 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • City Auto Memphis (93 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 93 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    Vehicle DetailsExplore the epitome of luxury and performance with this stunning 2015 Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz CLS 400 4MATIC®. With its sle...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ6HB4FA154139
    Stock: 507491
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-18-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 62,300 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • America's Xtreme Auto Georgia (246 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 246 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    Contact AX Auto today for information on dozens of vehicles like this 2019 Mercedes-Benz CLS AMG CLS 53 S. Quality and prestige abound with this Merce...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDD2J6BB8KA028879
    Stock: 16751C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $23,999
    great price
    $3,287 below market
    • 54,997 miles
    • 17 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • BMW Certified Pre-Owned Nashville (171 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Nashville, TN / 171 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    Window Grid Diversity Antenna, Valet Function, Urethane Gear Shifter Material, Turn-By-Turn Navigation Directions, Trunk/Hatch Auto-Latch, Trunk Rear ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (17 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ7DB4GA178325
    Stock: TGA178325
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

  • $46,920
    good price
    $3,666 below market
    • 38,666 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 21 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • ALM Gwinnett (264 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Duluth, GA / 264 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    EXTERIOR LIGHTING PACKAGE - DA4..DRIVER ASSISTANCE PACKAGE - DA2..ENERGIZING COMFORT PACKAGE - DB8..WARMTH & COMFORT PACKAGE - DB0..NIGHT PACKAGE - DC...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (21 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDD2J6BB3LA049687
    Stock: LA049687
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • $16,900
    good price
    $2,685 below market
    • 91,349 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • 615 Auto Group (243 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fairburn, GA / 243 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ6HB6GA167072
    Stock: 167072
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-22-2024

  • $23,497
    fair price
    $1,126 below market
    • 113,595 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 18 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Collierville Auto Center (78 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Collierville, TN / 78 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (18 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ7DB2JA204086
    Stock: 204086
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-31-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,698
    fair price
    $67 below market
    • 69,924 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use
    • 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Capitol Chevrolet Montgomery (195 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Montgomery, AL / 195 miles away from Tupelo, MS

    Only 64,173 Miles! Scores 26 Highway MPG and 19 City MPG! This Mercedes-Benz CLS boasts a Twin Turbo Premium Unleaded V-6 3.0 L/183 engine powering th...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WDDLJ6HB8GA163699
    Stock: TGA163699
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

Showing 22 - 42 out of 250 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class

Read recent reviews for the Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class
Overall Consumer Rating
4.6 out of 5 stars26 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 26 reviews
  • 5 star
    (77%)
  • 4 star
    (8%)
  • 3 star
    (15%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

CLS400 CAR I EVER OWNED

abacomike, 12/06/2013
2014 Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class CLS550 4dr Sedan (4.7L 8cyl Turbo 7A)
Just purchased a new 2014 Mercedes CLS 550 (MSRP $82,210). I usually purchase E350 Sedans, but because of the superior, outstanding deal I got on this vehicle, I could not resist. First noticeable difference is the outstanding power and performance - 402 hp in a 4.7 liter V8. Fit and Finish are outstanding. Interior design and comfort in front seats is astounding. The ride is smoother … and more refined than anything I have ever driven. The car is "dead-out" gorgeous. Safety features like lane-tracking, blind spot monitors and PARKTRONIC are comforting and impeccably designed. Harman/Kardon audio system is unsurpassed in clarity and sound separation. Best car I have ever owned.
Report abuse

Used 2019 Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class in Tupelo, MS Values

Estimated values
2019 Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class AMG CLS 53 4dr Sedan AWD (3.0L 6cyl Twincharger gas/electric mild hybrid 9A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$28,985$31,429$33,620
Clean$28,147$30,485$32,574
Average$26,751$28,913$30,830
Rough$24,936$26,869$28,562

The average list price of a used 2019 Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class in Tupelo, Mississippi is $30,310. The average mileage on a used Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class 2019 for sale in Tupelo, Mississippi is 72,360. Based on the average mileage of 72,360 for used 2019 Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class for sale in Tupelo, MS and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class 2019 in Tupelo, Mississippi to be $26,751.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.