Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
321 listings

$0
Nissan LEAF rebates in 79402
Check your savings potential before you buy

    • 58,348 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 74 - 78 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Happy Cars and Credit Center (303 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 303 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    2015 Nissan LEAF S Hatchback 4DNo Accidents ReportedPersonal Vehicle2015 Nissan LEAF S Hatchback 4D - Clean, Efficient, and All-Electric!Fully electri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP8FC329657
    Stock: 329657
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 57,571 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 73 - 77 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Longhorn Auto Group (280 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Mansfield, TX / 280 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP3FC307887
    Stock: 307887
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-26-2024

    • 82,992 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 71 - 75 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Salvage Reseller West (287 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 287 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    This vehicle is located at San Diego, CA Copart yard. All purchases must take place online at www.salvagereseller.com. Visit our website to learn more...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP3EC340273
    Stock: 80389044
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-12-2024

  • New Listing
    • 18,902 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 80 - 87 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • Carvana - Dallas (298 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 298 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ0CP6GC311812
    Stock: 2003512300
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 33,705 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 75 - 79 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Carvana - Dallas (298 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 298 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP6GC302510
    Stock: 2003578987
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-15-2025

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    $5,400
    fair price
    $725 below market
    • 61,476 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 73 - 77 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Schomp Nissan (454 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Littleton, CO / 454 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP1FC307998
    Stock: 12P744
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

    • 55,264 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 57 - 61 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • Roger Beasley Mazda Georgetown (320 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    • Alarm
    Close

    Located in Georgetown, TX / 320 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    Clean CARFAX. Cayenne Red Metallic 2013 Nissan Leaf S FWD Single Speed Reducer 80kW AC Synchronous MotorNeed Financing? We have competitive financi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP5DC425985
    Stock: S9639B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $5,982
    good price
    $876 below market
    • 48,823 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 82 - 89 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • Phil Long Kia (398 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 398 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    Deep Blue Pearl exterior and Black interior, S trim. GREAT MILES 48,823! Heated Seats, Bluetooth®, iPod/MP3 Input, Back-Up Camera, [F02] QUICK CHARGE ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ0CPXHC300541
    Stock: P30352
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • EV Tax CreditCertain EVs and PHEVs may be eligible for a federal used EV tax credit up to $4,000. Buyer and car must qualify.
    • 85,581 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 57 - 61 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • Happy Cars and Credit Center (303 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Auto Climate Control
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 303 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    2013 Nissan LEAF SV Hatchback 4DService HistoryPersonal VehicleThe 2013 Nissan LEAF SV is a fully electric and environmentally friendly vehicle. Since...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP0DC410259
    Stock: 410259
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    $4,921
    fair price
    $253 below market
    • 97,676 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 73 - 77 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Electrified Autos (482 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Joplin, MO / 482 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP0FC309337
    Stock: 180
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-20-2024

    • 43,605 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 73 - 77 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • World Car Nissan (346 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 346 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP5FC309219
    Stock: PN309219
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-28-2025

    • 73,035 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 78 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Karz (303 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 303 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP0FC324808
    Stock: 324808
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-21-2024

  • New Listing
    • 49,624 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 57 - 60 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • Salvage Reseller West (287 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Upgraded Stereo
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 287 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    This vehicle is located at Wilmington, CA Copart yard. All purchases must take place online at www.salvagereseller.com. Visit our website to learn mor...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP9DC407800
    Stock: 58560945
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-06-2025

    • 10,000 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 73 - 77 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Classic Auto Group (298 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 298 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP6FC322545
    Stock: 322545
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-08-2025

    • 74,536 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, personal use
    • 57 - 61 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • Henna Chevrolet (331 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 331 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    PRE-AUCTION VEHICLESOpportunity to purchase used vehicles before they are sent to auction. These vehicles may need repairs or have other defects and ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP0DC408091
    Stock: DC408091
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 79 mi est. range
    • Excellent battery score
    • Everett Auto Sales (343 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Austin, TX / 343 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    Heated Leather Seats Front & Rear Bose Sound System Touchscreen Navigation Heated Steering Wheel 360 Degree Camera Standard Wall Charger Additional...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP1FC300937
    Stock: 300937
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-22-2024

    • 53,864 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 73 - 77 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Auto Merchants (295 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Plano, TX / 295 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    At Auto Merchants we offer quick and easy financing options with low interest rates in a no-hassle environment. Apply online to get the process starte...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP4FC309681
    Stock: 309681
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-28-2025

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 83 - 89 mi est. range
    • Fair battery score
    • Salvage Reseller West (287 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 287 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    This vehicle is located at Hayward, CA Copart yard. All purchases must take place online at www.salvagereseller.com. Visit our website to learn more.

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4BZ0CP4HC305332
    Stock: 47459925
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

    • 32,600 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 73 - 77 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Classic Auto Group (298 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 298 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP2FC304656
    Stock: 304656
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-29-2025

    • 61,443 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 77 - 78 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Houston Sky Auto Sales (447 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 447 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP2FC318119
    Stock: 318119
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    • 78,665 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 75 - 78 mi est. range
    • Good battery score
    • Westside Used Cars Inc (347 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 347 miles away from Lubbock, TX

    2015 Nissan LEAF 4dr HB S

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1N4AZ0CP3FC302754
    Stock: 302754
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-16-2024

Showing 1 - 21 out of 321 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Nissan LEAF

Read recent reviews for the Nissan LEAF
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars27 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 27 reviews
  • 5 star
    (63%)
  • 4 star
    (30%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (0%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
5 out of 5 stars

Surprised it's So Nice

Jerry Roussos, 11/11/2015
2015 Nissan LEAF SL 4dr Hatchback (electric DD)
We bought our 2015 Leaf SL for an around town car. It's perfect for any trip of 35 miles radius from home (70 miles round trip). When traveling further there are loads of Free charging stations to be found. Home charging cost is about 2 cents per mile driven based on the local FP&L 10.6 cents/kwh electric cost. I'm a big guy with a bad back. I looked hard at the Chevy Volt but due … to the lower roof line it was hard for me to get into it without contorting my neck to duck under the roof. The Leaf roof is tall and actually is easier to get into than my Lexus RX450h. Acceleration is ample and very quiet. It just pulls. In ECO mode the accelerator is remapped to make response pretty dull but acceptable. Turn off the ECO mode and the accelerator is very responsive. ECO doesn't reduce acceleration it just takes more pedal movement to get the same response. We installed a 240 volt charging station at the house which cost about $500 for the box and $150 for electric installation. It is well worth it. It fully charges the Leaf in about 3 hours vs the 15 hours it takes using the supplied trickle charger. Without the offered rebates the car would not be one we would have considered. We negotiated a $5,000 dealer discount, A $6,000 Nissan rebate and a $7,500 Federal tax credit so that reduced our real cost to $20,000 for a $38.500 MSRP Loaded SL. Or SL has Bose Stereo, Navigation, Leather etc. We estimate the car will be worth only $10,000 after 5 years but that is not bad considering depreciation after rebates are factored in is only $2,000 per year. Maintenance cost should be minimal since no oil changes etc. The only issue may be battery degradation over time Fuel (Electric) is costing us about $20 extra a month on our electric bill for 1,000 miles driven. NOT BAD. The car has a free iPhone or Android APP that allows you to view charging status, battery status and even start the Air Conditioner remotely. In Hot Florida we use the AC remote start up all the time before leaving a restaurant to make sure he the car is cool by the time we get to it. Update: 20 month of ownership update. It's still our go to car for local trips within a 30 mile radius of home. Range has reduced very slightly due to exoected battery degradation. In 20 months battery and range has degraded 6%, and this is in Florida heat. The only problems so far is the 67 cents CR2025 coin battery in our key fobs needed replaced and a recall on the passenger seat pressure sensor. Update: after 36 months traded it in on. 2018 Leaf SV. The 2015 was a great car but the 2018 has almost 2x the range due to the larger 40 kWh battery vs the 24 kWh battery in the 2015. . THEN after owning the 2018 for a year I traded it in on a 2019 SL Plus with the 62 kWh battery. These Leafs are great cars.
Report abuse

Used 2015 Nissan LEAF in Lubbock, TX Values

Estimated values
2015 Nissan LEAF S 4dr Hatchback (electric DD) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$3,803$6,554$8,363
Clean$3,608$6,200$7,888
Average$3,283$5,609$7,097
Rough$2,859$4,841$6,069

The average list price of a used 2015 Nissan LEAF in Lubbock, Texas is $5,913. The average mileage on a used Nissan LEAF 2015 for sale in Lubbock, Texas is 53,886. Based on the average mileage of 53,886 for used 2015 Nissan LEAF for sale in Lubbock, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Nissan LEAF 2015 in Lubbock, Texas to be $3,283.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.