Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,187 listings
    • 76,588 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Killeen, TX / 846 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALPEV4LL113387
    Stock: 27039080
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,998
    good price
    $1,065 below market
    • 35,388 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,782 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALVEV1NL286310
    Stock: 27322872
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 87,882 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Salem, OR / 991 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lan...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALVEV7ML316067
    Stock: V316067
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $20,590
    fair price
    $919 above market
    • 66,209 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 1,738 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (26 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALMEV2LL123995
    Stock: 2003803467
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

    • 100,228 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Earnhardt Buick GMC (14 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Mesa, AZ / 14 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Red Quartz Tintcoat 2021 GMC Terrain SLE FWD 9-Speed Automatic 1.5L DOHCRecent Arrival! 25/30 City/Highway MPGThanks for looking ! If you need any mor...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (26 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALMEV8ML325189
    Stock: G5398A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • New Listing
    • 26,277 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 1,583 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALVEG9RL328410
    Stock: 8G9WML
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

    • 21,837 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Waukesha, WI / 1,442 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    This vehicle passed a rigorous inspection by an ASE-Certified technician and is backed by a 12-Month/12,000 Mile Limited Powertrain Warranty(1). We of...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALTEG6RL341779
    Stock: 7W8PP6
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

    • 39,797 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TN to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 1,266 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (25 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALMEV1NL162306
    Stock: 26482716
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 29,414 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Shoreline, WA / 1,128 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALVEG1RL255971
    Stock: 8GFCKN
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-13-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 22,018 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Peoria Ford (24 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Peoria, AZ / 24 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Peoria Ford #1 Volume Dealer! Huge selection of Pre-Owned vehicles. If you don't see it we can get it!!! AWD. CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Odometer...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALVEG9RL185118
    Stock: P14133
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-31-2024

    • 34,577 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Colorado Springs, CO / 541 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALPEGXPL187498
    Stock: 2003560199
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-21-2025

  • New Listing
    • 51,707 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mechanicsburg, PA / 1,973 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALVEG3PL260344
    Stock: 7WLG1H
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-09-2025

  • New Listing
    Photos not available
    $22,419
    fair price
    $324 above market
    • 51,044 miles
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Findlay Chevrolet Buick GMC Bullhead (192 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Bullhead City, AZ / 192 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Odometer is 1250 miles below market average!Welcome to Findlay Chevrolet Buick GMC in Bullhead City, AZ just 90 minutes south of Las Vegas. All of our...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALPEG8PL260156
    Stock: P13385
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-20-2025

  • Price Drop
    $22,998
    fair price
    $141 below market
    • 42,077 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Lakeland, FL / 1,810 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALPEV2NL158153
    Stock: 27352480
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $22,998
    fair price
    $327 above market
    • 41,567 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Costa Mesa, CA / 345 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALPEG9PL223651
    Stock: 27427853
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 42,017 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Naperville, IL / 1,415 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALPEV9ML354640
    Stock: 27212646
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 33,375 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in San Diego, CA / 305 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALMEG4RL299957
    Stock: 8GFXXM
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 72,394 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,785 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (26 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALPEV5ML333509
    Stock: 2003785778
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

    • 45,947 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mechanicsburg, PA / 1,973 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALVEGXPL203932
    Stock: 7WFCM5
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,998
    fair price
    $166 above market
    • 52,882 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to AZ*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Murrieta, CA / 303 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALPEG2PL193988
    Stock: 27505039
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 38,097 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from MA to AZ*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Danvers, MA / 2,293 miles away from Tempe, AZ

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (25 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3GKALTEV4ML380278
    Stock: 26925427
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1,072 - 1,092 out of 1,187 listings

Consumer Reviews for the GMC Terrain

Read recent reviews for the GMC Terrain
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars202 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 202 reviews
  • 5 star
    (64%)
  • 4 star
    (15%)
  • 3 star
    (8%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
2 out of 5 stars

Transmission is crap

gac, 06/13/2016
2010 GMC Terrain SLE-2 4dr SUV AWD (2.4L 4cyl 6A)
Had this car for 6 yrs and has less than 49K on it when the transmission goes out. You would think that a transmission with less than 49K on would last a little longer. I now see why GM reduced the mileage for it's powertrain warranty from 5yrs/100,000 to 5yrs/60,000. I'm sure they were losing big money. Also, fuel economy is way less than advertised. I barely get 18 MPG.
Report abuse

Used 2020 GMC Terrain in Tempe, AZ Values

Estimated values
2020 GMC Terrain SLT 4dr SUV (1.5L 4cyl Turbo 9A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$16,467$18,806$21,058
Clean$16,041$18,313$20,499
Average$15,330$17,492$19,568
Rough$14,407$16,424$18,358

The average list price of a used 2020 GMC Terrain in Tempe, Arizona is $23,647. The average mileage on a used GMC Terrain 2020 for sale in Tempe, Arizona is 48,158. Based on the average mileage of 48,158 for used 2020 GMC Terrain for sale in Tempe, AZ and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used GMC Terrain 2020 in Tempe, Arizona to be $15,330.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.