Skip to FiltersReport abuse
3,616 listings
- $27,800great price$4,069 below market
- 10,299 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Ourisman Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (16 mi away)
Close
Located in Clarksville, MD / 16 miles away from Baltimore, MD
CARFAX One-Owner.Clean CARFAX. 26/32 City/Highway MPG This 2025 Crystal Black Silica Subaru Outback Premium AWD is well equipped and includes these f...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTADC0S3187702
Stock: 762845A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-30-2025 - $32,297great price$3,062 below market
- 3,619 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Driveway (48 mi away)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Springfield, VA / 48 miles away from Baltimore, MD
CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,He...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTANC0S3108298
Stock: 24744P
Certified Pre-Owned: No - Price Drop$32,499great price$2,828 below market
- 2,027 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Faulkner Subaru Bethlehem (114 mi away)
Close
Located in Bethlehem, PA / 114 miles away from Baltimore, MD
Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. Certified. Autumn Green Metallic 2025 Subaru Outback Onyx Edition AWD CVT Linear...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTALCXS3147628
Stock: S3147628
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 06-10-2025 - Price Drop$31,990great price$2,543 below market
- 5,333 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Dulles Subaru (49 mi away)
Close
Located in Leesburg, VA / 49 miles away from Baltimore, MD
CERTIFIED, 1 OWNER CARFAX, AWD, REAR CAMERA, HARMAN KARDON AUDIO, HEATED SEATS, POWER LIFTGATE, CROSS BARS, SUNROOF, 18" WHEELS, BLIND SPOT, HEATED ST...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: Yes
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTALCXS3108635
Stock: P3966
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 04-22-2025 - Price Drop$33,288great price$2,295 below market
- 8,399 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Fitzgerald Subaru of Gaithersburg (31 mi away)
Close
Located in Gaithersburg, MD / 31 miles away from Baltimore, MD
Certified. Magnetite Gray Metallic 2025 Subaru Outback Limited AWD CVT Lineartronic 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V 26/32 City/Highway MPG Subaru Certified P...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTANC1S3134490
Stock: GL34490
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 06-13-2025 - Price Drop$33,966great price$1,913 below market
- 2,612 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Lancaster County Motors Subaru (54 mi away)
Close
Located in Lancaster, PA / 54 miles away from Baltimore, MD
Clean CARFAX. Outback Limited *PROFESSIONALLY DETAILED INSIDE AND OUT* *NEW OIL AND FILTER CHANGE* RELEASED FROM OUR SUBARU SERVICE LOANER FLEET Navig...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTANC5S3131611
Stock: S51514A
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 04-21-2025 - $35,488great price$2,131 below market
- 8,910 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
- Fitzgerald Subaru of Gaithersburg (31 mi away)
Close
Located in Gaithersburg, MD / 31 miles away from Baltimore, MD
Certified. Crystal White Pearl 2025 Subaru Outback Limited XT AWD CVT Lineartronic 2.4L DOHC 22/29 City/Highway MPG Subaru Certified Pre-Owned Details...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTGND0S3150255
Stock: GL50255
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 07-02-2025 - $31,869good price$1,653 below market
- 4,323 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Annapolis Subaru (28 mi away)
Close
Located in Annapolis, MD / 28 miles away from Baltimore, MD
2025 Subaru Outback Premium Adventure-Ready. Family-Safe. Unstoppably You.If you're looking for one vehicle that can handle snow, dirt, mountains, and...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTAFC3S3152195
Stock: X4507
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 06-23-2025 - Price Drop$39,015great price$2,260 below market
- 3,318 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
- 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
- Reynolds Subaru (108 mi away)
Close
Located in Orange, VA / 108 miles away from Baltimore, MD
CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Autumn Green Metallic 2025 Subaru Outback Touring XT AWD CVT Lineartronic 2.4L DOHC **WARRANTY FOREVER!**, **NAVIGATIO...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTGPD4S3213953
Stock: N25052A
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 07-10-2025 - Price Drop$32,897good price$1,410 below market
- 3,951 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Beyer Subaru of Alexandria (46 mi away)
Close
Located in Alexandria, VA / 46 miles away from Baltimore, MD
Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. Odometer is 1992 miles below market average!2025 Subaru Outback Onyx Edition 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V AWD CVT Lineartr...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTALC8S3187254
Stock: 160RS
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 06-27-2025 - Price Drop$32,800fair price$290 below market
- 8,536 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Hall Nissan Virginia Beach (177 mi away)
Close
Located in Virginia Beach, VA / 177 miles away from Baltimore, MD
2025 Subaru Outback Onyx Edition Crystal Black Silica We are currently offering Vehicle Purchase Home Delivery by appointment. Please contact for deta...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTALC9S3150603
Stock: 9250515B
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-24-2025 - $30,500fair price$590 below market
- 4,475 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Moore Subaru (128 mi away)
Close
Located in Richmond, VA / 128 miles away from Baltimore, MD
Certified. Ice Silver Metallic 2025 Subaru Outback Premium*** AWD / ALL WHEEL DRIVE, *** ONE OWNER!, Accident Free Vehicle History, Blind Spot Detecti...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTADC6S3209895
Stock: R209895
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 06-19-2025 - $34,641good price$1,332 below market
- 9,226 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Ourisman of Waldorf Subaru (50 mi away)
Close
Located in Waldorf, MD / 50 miles away from Baltimore, MD
WITH JUST 9,000 miles, This Outback is in Like-New Condition and ready for wherever life (or the trail) takes you. Practically Brand-New This 2025 Sub...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTANC3S3134913
Stock: R10291
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 06-24-2025 - Price Drop$29,872fair price$712 below market
- 3,599 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Reynolds Subaru (108 mi away)
Close
Located in Orange, VA / 108 miles away from Baltimore, MD
CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. Cosmic Blue Pearl 2025 Subaru Outback Premium AWD CVT Lineartronic 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V **WARRANTY FOREVER!**, **O...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTADC2S3184204
Stock: N24776A
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 06-28-2025 - $29,999fair price$443 above market
- 3,737 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Steve Moyer Subaru (85 mi away)
Close
Located in Leesport, PA / 85 miles away from Baltimore, MD
Looking for a used car at an affordable price? Check out this 2025! The safety you need and the features you want at a great price! With less than 4,0...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTAAC7S3200451
Stock: 1R250444
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 06-19-2025 - $31,999fair price$364 above market
- 3,167 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Steve Moyer Subaru (85 mi away)
Close
Located in Leesport, PA / 85 miles away from Baltimore, MD
Check out this great low mileage vehicle! A comfortable ride with plenty of style! Subaru prioritized fit and finish as evidenced by: adjustable headr...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTADC2S3200000
Stock: 1R250450
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 06-24-2025 - New Listing$37,477good price$1,954 below market
- 8,166 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 21 City / 26 Hwy MPG
- AutoNation Subaru Hunt Valley (8 mi away)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Cockeysville, MD / 8 miles away from Baltimore, MD
Power Moonroof & Navigation & RabSun/MoonroofAuto-Dimming Exterior Mirror W/Approach LightSplash GuardsRear Seat Back ProtectorLed UpgradeCargo ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTGUD1S3136480
Stock: S3136480
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 07-28-2025 - $30,736good price$1,480 below market
- 7,547 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- i.g. Burton Subaru of Glen Burnie (13 mi away)
Close
Located in Glen Burnie, MD / 13 miles away from Baltimore, MD
***ALL WHEEL DRIVE, **APPLE CAR PLAY OR ANDROID AUTO, **BACKUP CAMERA, **BLUETOOTH, **COMPLETE INSPECTION PERFORMED, **HEATED SEATS, **ONE OWNER CARFA...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTADC0S3166574
Stock: SLP044
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 05-07-2025 - $30,000fair price$95 above market
- 1,950 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Lexus of Freeport (188 mi away)
Close
Located in Freeport, NY / 188 miles away from Baltimore, MD
2025 Subaru Outback Premium AWD CVT Lineartronic 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V Ice Silver MetallicAll-Weather Floor Liners, Alloy wheels, AM/FM radio: Si...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTADC8S3172915
Stock: PF02974
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-20-2025 - Price Drop$27,500good price$911 below market
- 4,064 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
- Koons Tysons Chevy GMC (42 mi away)
Close
Located in Vienna, VA / 42 miles away from Baltimore, MD
BLIND SPOT MONITORING / BLIND SPOT ALERT, REARVIEW CAMERA / BACK UP CAMERA / REVERSE CAMERA / REAR VIEW CAMERA W/DYNAMIC GUIDELINES, ANDROID AUTO / AP...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
28 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTADC0S3123739
Stock: 250658A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-04-2025 - Price Drop$33,495good price$2,240 below market
- 15,398 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 21 City / 26 Hwy MPG
- Automotive Avenues (149 mi away)
Close
Located in Wall, NJ / 149 miles away from Baltimore, MD
Just arrived is this ground-breaking, ONE-OWNER, NONSMOKER, ALL-WHEEL DRIVE 2025 Subaru Outback Wilderness! This midsize SUV boasts a spacious cabin, ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
23 Combined MPG (21 City/26 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: 4S4BTGUD6S3107136
Stock: 55276
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-09-2025
Showing 1 - 21 out of 3,616 listings
Consumer Reviews for the Subaru Outback
Read recent reviews for the Subaru Outback
Touring -great vehicle; too many profiles
JBTX, 01/24/2025
2025 Subaru Outback Touring 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl CVT)
I am now driving my third Outback - a 2025 Touring 2.5 4cyl. I've had the vehicle five weeks and have less than 700 miles on it. However, I am anticipating several long road trips in the future.
I am very pleased with the vehicle as a whole.
* The car rides very nicely - maybe a bit firmer ride than the 2018 Outback I previously owned, and it seems I am a bit higher off the road in … the seating position.
* The Nappa Leather trim is very comfortable.
* The sound system is excellent.
* The technology is good but requires a learning curve (more on that below). I like the large center infotainment screen, although occasionally I am frustrated by the number of layers I have to go through to get to what I want - for the most part, I am satisfied.
* Wireless Apple Car Play is great!
* The layout of the center cluster on the dash (and how to access the information) is VASTLY improved over my 2018.
* On my 2018, the radio would turn on whenever I started the car. That no longer happens.
* The cargo capacity is as you expect on an Outback.
* Outback fuel economy doesn't peak until about 10,000+ miles, but I am not dissatisfied with the mileage I am getting in mostly city driving. All three Outbacks that I have owned have been 2.5 4-cylinder engines, which frequently get criticized for lack of power. I find the power adequate (and acceleration).
* I love the digital (smart) rearview mirror - it gives you a much wider field of vision than a standard rear-view mirror. It's a bit disconcerting at first, but it's become my default setting. That said, it's not helpful on unlit roads at night.
* The 2025 Outback has the Sirius SM 360L technology, which allows you to store favorites for both "radio" and "streaming only" channels. I like that. The radio interface also has its own voice search function, but one must press an on-screen button to use it.
* I am finally becoming comfortable using voice commands - the only complaint that I have is that the responsiveness to the commands is slow. The scope of actions covered by voice commands is great.
Here's what I don't like about the car.
* The manuals are good, but there are too many - a quick start guide, a Starlink guide, an Eyesight guide, and the typical owner's manual. All are logically laid out, but I have to stop and think which manual I will find instructions for which feature. Tip: You can download all manuals in PDF format without owning a vehicle.
* There is a user register feature on the driver monitoring system that will adjust the mirrors, seat position and perhaps a few other things to the driver's saved settings, The scanning of your face is finicky and is required if you update your settings.
* There is a second profile system which pairs a person to a phone to settings (radio, car play, etc.) in the vehicle. I found out by accident at the dealership when I picked up my tags that each driver profile can have their own radio presets. That's very nice. What would be super nice is if these two user profile systems were integrated.
* One can do voice commands to access SiriusXM channels, but you need to know the channel number (which there is none for streaming only channels) or channel name (works well if you only listen to a few channels). One can store favorites within the radio interface, but I am not sure of the voice command, if any, to access them.
Used 2025 Subaru Outback in Baltimore, MD Values
Estimated values
2025 Subaru Outback Premium 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl CVT) with no options
| Condition | Trade-In | Private Party | Dealer Retail |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding | $26,989 | $28,311 | $29,916 |
| Clean | $26,837 | $28,118 | $29,678 |
| Average | $26,583 | $27,797 | $29,281 |
| Rough | $26,253 | $27,380 | $28,764 |
The average list price of a used 2025 Subaru Outback in Baltimore, Maryland is $32,387. The average mileage on a used Subaru Outback 2025 for sale in Baltimore, Maryland is 5,841. Based on the average mileage of 5,841 for used 2025 Subaru Outback for sale in Baltimore, MD and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Subaru Outback 2025 in Baltimore, Maryland to be $26,583.
Filters
Skip to ResultsApplied Filters4Active
Make & Model
Year
New / Used
Price & Payments
Price Rating
Body Type
Trim
Mileage
Accidents & History
Engine & Drivetrain
Exterior Color
Interior Color
Total Seating
Edmunds Review
Features
Options & Packages
MPG
* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.