Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
518 listings
  • Price Drop
    $28,200
    good price
    $1,953 below market
    • 15,744 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Jerry Hunt Supercenter (19 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lexington, NC / 19 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    Recent Arrival! Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! CARFAX One-Owner. Carfax Accident Free, One Owner, LIFETIME POWERTRAIN WARRANTY, Leather Interio...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY9N0625805
    Stock: 21429
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $28,793
    good price
    $1,564 below market
    • 23,461 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Mark Ficken Ford Lincoln (76 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 76 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    CARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX. 2022 Mazda CX-9 Touring Plus AWD, Power moonroof.Odometer is 12574 miles below market average! 20/26 City/Highway MPG...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY9N0612717
    Stock: PR12717
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-27-2025

  • Price Drop
    $28,700
    good price
    $1,181 below market
    • 29,535 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Jerry Hunt Supercenter (19 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lexington, NC / 19 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    Recent Arrival! Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! CARFAX One-Owner. One Owner, LIFETIME POWERTRAIN WARRANTY, Leather Interior, 3rd Row Seating, Su...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAYXN0610717
    Stock: 21693
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

  • Price Drop
    $24,000
    good price
    $780 below market
    • 39,977 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Jerry Hunt Super Center (34 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Salisbury, NC / 34 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    Snowflake White Pearl Mica 2022 Mazda CX-9 Sport AWD 6-Speed Automatic 2.5L 4-Cylinder Carfax Accident Free, One Owner, 3rd Row Seating, Bluetooth, Ba...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBBY1N0612483
    Stock: S6098
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-17-2025

  • $28,588
    good price
    $867 below market
    • 32,252 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Jerry Hunt Supercenter (19 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lexington, NC / 19 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    Recent Arrival! Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! CARFAX One-Owner. One Owner, Leather Interior, 2nd Row Captain's Chairs, 3rd Row Seating, Sunroo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY3N0612647
    Stock: 21588
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-08-2025

  • $28,013
    good price
    $1,015 below market
    • 27,811 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Jerry Hunt Super Center (34 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salisbury, NC / 34 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY3N0627095
    Stock: S6351
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • $24,898
    fair price
    $658 below market
    • 27,084 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Mazda of South Charlotte (79 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Pineville, NC / 79 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    Snowflake White Pearl Mica 2022 Mazda CX-9 Sport AWD 6-Speed Automatic 2.5L 4-Cylinder 3rd row seats: bench, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 6 Speakers, ABS brak...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBBY3N0612484
    Stock: P12484
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-20-2025

  • Price Drop
    $30,872
    good price
    $641 below market
    • 14,123 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Autova (112 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Madison Heights, VA / 112 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    Embrace the Road with the 2022 Mazda CX-9 Touring: Where Style Meets Performance in a Sleek Jet Black Mica FinishStep into the world of refined dri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBDY2N0621416
    Stock: 15315
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-02-2024

  • New Listing
    $27,900
    fair price
    $196 above market
    • 47,479 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Jerry Hunt Supercenter (19 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Lexington, NC / 19 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    Recent Arrival! CARFAX One-Owner. Carfax Accident Free, One Owner, LIFETIME POWERTRAIN WARRANTY, Leather Interior, 3rd Row Seating, Sunroof, Push to S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY8N0618184
    Stock: 21893
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • New Listing
    $27,998
    fair price
    $460 above market
    • 35,309 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Roanoke (85 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Roanoke, VA / 85 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY1N0623160
    Stock: 27203402
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $32,488
    fair price
    $707 above market
    • 37,568 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • East Carolina Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram FIAT (163 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Greenville, NC / 163 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    Check out this great value! Settle in and experience the rush! The engine breathes better thanks to a turbocharger, improving both performance and eco...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBEY8N0607129
    Stock: P7905
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 67,396 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Wendover DriveTime (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Greensboro, NC / 21 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    Shop at DriveTime: Get started on your personalized car-buying journey today. With no credit impact, you can get approved for your real, personalized ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY4N0607681
    Stock: 1190213250
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-17-2025

    • 24,195 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Greenville (148 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Greenville, SC / 148 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY6N0614733
    Stock: 27342503
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 49,322 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Hickory (66 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Hickory, NC / 66 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBBYXN0610845
    Stock: 27058992
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 48,190 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Keffer Mazda (60 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Huntersville, NC / 60 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    2022 Mazda CX-9 Signature Snowflake White Pearl Mica 2.5L 4-Cylinder AWD 6-Speed Automatic AWD. 20/26 City/Highway MPGCARFAX One-Owner. Clean CARFAX...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBEY7N0614332
    Stock: M1560A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 22,362 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Capital Mazda of Cary (88 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Cary, NC / 88 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    Recent Arrival!Capital of Cary is very proud to offer this good-looking 2022 Mazda CX-9 Jet Black Mica Touring Plus with the following features: ONE O...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY4N0616643
    Stock: CAD7198
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 34,438 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Southern States Mazda (92 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 92 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    2022 Mazda CX-9 Touring Plus AWD.Come visit us at Southern States Automotive . Our staff is ready to help you purchase or lease your next vehicle. ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY5N0620961
    Stock: M69587A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

    • 28,784 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax West Broad (181 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 181 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY2N0609075
    Stock: 27203156
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 36,670 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Bristol (117 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Bristol, TN / 117 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBCY6N0601543
    Stock: 27258061
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 54,536 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Independence Boulevard (71 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 71 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBAY7N0618015
    Stock: 27314012
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 29,876 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Capital Mazda of Cary (88 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Third-row seating
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Cary, NC / 88 miles away from Winston Salem, NC

    Recent Arrival!Capital of Cary is excited to offer this good-looking 2022 Mazda CX-9 Snowflake White Pearl Mica Sport with the following features: ONE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3TCBBY1N0614928
    Stock: CAD7200
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-29-2025

;
Showing 1 - 21 out of 518 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mazda CX-9

Read recent reviews for the Mazda CX-9
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars52 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 52 reviews
  • 5 star
    (63%)
  • 4 star
    (12%)
  • 3 star
    (8%)
  • 2 star
    (12%)
  • 1 star
    (6%)
5 out of 5 stars

2021 Mazda CX-9 has all the room and luxury

KHix, 10/30/2020
2021 Mazda CX-9 Grand Touring 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl Turbo 6A)
If you are looking for a lot of room, but not really looking for a vehicle to go 4 wheeling and towing a boat with, then the CX-9 is the car for you. We have had the car for a month now and talked to several previous owners of the CX-9 and they all recommend this car. We love all the options and the room. We opted for the Grand Touring, not the Signature because we didn't want the … console between the captains chairs in the 2nd row. We prefer the walk through. But we didn't lose any other options except for the Napa Leather....which is nice but the regular leather is nice as well. For that reason we couldn't see spending an extra 5K on the Signature version.
Report abuse

Used 2022 Mazda CX-9 in Winston Salem, NC Values

Estimated values
2022 Mazda CX-9 Touring 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl Turbo 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$24,947$26,357$27,828
Clean$24,528$25,894$27,317
Average$23,830$25,122$26,467
Rough$22,922$24,119$25,362

The average list price of a used 2022 Mazda CX-9 in Winston Salem, North Carolina is $28,751. The average mileage on a used Mazda CX-9 2022 for sale in Winston Salem, North Carolina is 34,577. Based on the average mileage of 34,577 for used 2022 Mazda CX-9 for sale in Winston Salem, NC and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda CX-9 2022 in Winston Salem, North Carolina to be $23,830.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.