Your Privacy

By accessing this website, you acknowledge that Edmunds and its third-party business partners may use cookies, pixels, and similar technologies to collect information about you and your interactions with the website as described in our Privacy Statement; and you agree that your use of the website is subject to our Visitor Agreement.
Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
499 listings
  • Price Drop
    $21,900
    good price
    $1,113 below market
    • 82,053 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Boise Auto Group (284 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Boise, ID / 284 miles away from Spokane, WA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAF75KD044506
    Stock: 365
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    $25,790
    good price
    $1,210 below market
    • 43,118 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Genuine Motor Company (294 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Gladstone, OR / 294 miles away from Spokane, WA

    Genuine Motor Company is proud to present this 2019 Audi Q7 quattro Premium with Just 43,118 Miles. Since new, this Audi Q7 quattro Premium was very w...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AHAF78KD026827
    Stock: M026827
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-20-2025

  • $24,890
    good price
    $1,171 below market
    • 48,520 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Volkswagen of McMinnville (323 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in McMinnville, OR / 323 miles away from Spokane, WA

    **Gold/Beige Color Combo** **One Owner** This 2019 Audi Q7 Premium Plus AWD is a one-owner vehicle with a Carfax-certified title and no accidents, off...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LHAF70KD036972
    Stock: MP1433
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-12-2025

  • $23,908
    fair price
    $369 below market
    • 63,417 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Rairdon's FIAT Of Kirkland (223 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Kirkland, WA / 223 miles away from Spokane, WA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LHAF74KD030852
    Stock: KD030852
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

  • Price Drop
    $17,665
    fair price
    $31 below market
    • 87,488 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • TRD Motors (292 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 292 miles away from Spokane, WA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AAAF7XHD030147
    Stock: 030147
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-04-2025

    • 66,115 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Titus-Will Toyota (240 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tacoma, WA / 240 miles away from Spokane, WA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAF74KD038910
    Stock: T250234A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-26-2025

  • $65,455
    fair price
    $102 above market
    • 6,254 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Larson Audi of Tacoma (235 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fife, WA / 235 miles away from Spokane, WA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LVBF7XSD005050
    Stock: 412410306
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-01-2025

  • New Listing
    $27,998
    fair price
    $67 above market
    • 48,944 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to WA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orlando, FL / 2,336 miles away from Spokane, WA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LHAF76KD038595
    Stock: 27158775
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $61,990
    fair price
    $1,370 above market
    • 5,828 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Volkswagen of Bozeman (332 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bozeman, MT / 332 miles away from Spokane, WA

    Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. Odometer is 1245 miles below market average! This Audi Q7 is well equipped and includes the following key features, 3r...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LCBF70SD002308
    Stock: 2567L
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

  • $63,990
    fair price
    $16 above market
    • 5,066 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Volkswagen of Bozeman (332 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bozeman, MT / 332 miles away from Spokane, WA

    Clean CARFAX. CARFAX One-Owner. Odometer is 2028 miles below market average! This Audi Q7 is well equipped and includes the following key features, To...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LCBF78SD000399
    Stock: 2559
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2024

  • Price Drop
    $18,688
    fair price
    $448 below market
    • 78,320 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Porsche Bellevue (224 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    Close

    Located in Bellevue, WA / 224 miles away from Spokane, WA

    The following items have been reconditioned on this vehicle: new brakes! Premium Plus PackageVision PackageWheels: 20" 10-Spoke-Star DesignPanor...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAF74HD031982
    Stock: HD031982
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • $52,988
    fair price
    $1,551 below market
    • 5,739 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 20 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sherman Oaks, CA / 933 miles away from Spokane, WA

    3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1ACBF79SD011550
    Stock: SD011550R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $67,988
    fair price
    $1,155 above market
    • 3,665 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sherman Oaks, CA / 933 miles away from Spokane, WA

    3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LVBF78SD010666
    Stock: SD010666R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $62,498
    fair price
    $642 above market
    • 4,179 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sherman Oaks, CA / 933 miles away from Spokane, WA

    3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1AVBF74SD011658
    Stock: SD011658R
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 8,750 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Johnston, IA / 1,228 miles away from Spokane, WA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated St...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LVBF73SD016665
    Stock: SD016665DM
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,446
    fair price
    $395 below market
    • 67,187 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Puyallup Mazda (232 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Puyallup, WA / 232 miles away from Spokane, WA

    KBB.com Best Buy Awards. Only 67,187 Miles! Delivers 25 Highway MPG and 19 City MPG! This Audi Q7 boasts a Intercooled Turbo Premium Unleaded I-4 2.0...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LHAF79KD019376
    Stock: TS25095
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-12-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $28,988
    fair price
    $682 below market
    • 30,600 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Larson Audi of Tacoma (235 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fife, WA / 235 miles away from Spokane, WA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LAAF77KD005142
    Stock: 425192469
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-17-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $65,996
    fair price
    $1,644 below market
    • 3,724 miles
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Volvo Cars Seattle (229 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Seattle, WA / 229 miles away from Spokane, WA

    At Volvo Cars Seattle, everything we do revolves around you. Our teams are trained to address your needs from the moment you walk through the door Ste...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LVBF74SD015489
    Stock: D015489T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 19,206 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,700 miles away from Spokane, WA

    3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1LVBF77SD014921
    Stock: SD014921P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $18,998
    fair price
    $202 below market
    • 93,366 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Larry H. Miller Honda Boise (285 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Boise, ID / 285 miles away from Spokane, WA

    Check out this 2017! A premium SUV seating as many as 7 occupants with ease! All of the premium features expected of an Audi are offered, including: a...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1VAAF78HD035980
    Stock: HOB251062B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

  • Price Drop
    $17,802
    fair price
    $228 above market
    • 96,838 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 19 City / 25 Hwy MPG
    • Beaverton Nissan (298 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Beaverton, OR / 298 miles away from Spokane, WA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (19 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WA1VAAF74HD022546
    Stock: P022546
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-09-2025

Showing 274 - 294 out of 499 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Audi Q7

Read recent reviews for the Audi Q7
Overall Consumer Rating
3.6 out of 5 stars30 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 30 reviews
  • 5 star
    (43%)
  • 4 star
    (17%)
  • 3 star
    (13%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (20%)
4 out of 5 stars

APPROACH WITH CAUTION

Randle James, 10/09/2021
2022 Audi Q7 Premium Plus 4dr SUV AWD w/45 TFSI (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A)
This SUV is a real beauty, but… and it’s a BIG BUT… the technology employed, which truly is extraordinary when working well, is extremely unstable - failing and faulting nearly 25% of the time. We’ve had our Q7 for 6 months and it’s been back to the dealership 5 times. I know all the service advisors by name now. And no offense to service advisors, but I NEVER want to know one (much less … several) by name. It’s so frustrating, because when everything is working well, you’ll never find a better experience. It’s THAT good. But man oh man, when it’s not working, nothing is more infuriating. For one of the many examples, the system is constantly “updating.” The last update - which ended up causing a return to the service department - took 5 days. 5 days of no navigation, no phone, no radio, no nothing. It was like driving a brick. A very very expensive brick.
Report abuse

Used 2019 Audi Q7 in Spokane, WA Values

Estimated values
2019 Audi Q7 3.0 TFSI Premium Plus quattro 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl S/C 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$21,918$24,445$26,690
Clean$21,455$23,926$26,118
Average$20,685$23,059$25,164
Rough$19,683$21,933$23,924

The average list price of a used 2019 Audi Q7 in Spokane, Washington is $40,264. The average mileage on a used Audi Q7 2019 for sale in Spokane, Washington is 41,351. Based on the average mileage of 41,351 for used 2019 Audi Q7 for sale in Spokane, WA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Audi Q7 2019 in Spokane, Washington to be $20,685.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.