Skip to Filters
Report abuse
1,313 listings
Save with Volvo XC60 rebatesCheck your savings potential before you buy
- $33,998good price$902 below market
- 38,567 miles
- No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
- 19 mi est. electric range
- 4 Seats, 26 City / 28 Hwy MPG
- CarMax (In-stock online)
- Transfer available from OR to MS*
Close
Located in Milwaukie, OR / 1,937 miles away from Tupelo, MS
CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: Yes
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (26 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4BR0DK1M1784342
Stock: 27271625
Certified Pre-Owned: No - $47,500fair price$1,324 above market
- 1,676 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
- Volvo Cars Of Saint Louis (313 mi away)
Close
Located in Saint Louis, MO / 313 miles away from Tupelo, MS
Discount advertised prices are included with the following stackable bonuses. $1,000 FINANCE BONUS off the Volvo St. Louis sales price when financing ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4L12RWXP1358205
Stock: 341009A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 08-03-2023 - $41,647fair price$482 above market
- 13,146 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
- Volvo Cars Winston Salem (492 mi away)
Close
Located in Winston Salem, NC / 492 miles away from Tupelo, MS
2023 Volvo XC60 B5 Plus Bright Theme Bright Dusk Metallic 2.0L I4 Turbocharged Automatic with Geartronic AWDNavigation / GPS, Leather, All Routine M...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4L12RE1P1340795
Stock: PV5787
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-15-2025 - $28,999fair price$837 below market
- 37,904 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
- Larkin Greenewood Ford (420 mi away)
Close
Located in Connersville, IN / 420 miles away from Tupelo, MS
You won't want to miss this excellent value! Brimming with advanced technology inside and out, this vehicle injects its segment with exhilarating perf...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4102RK1M1764117
Stock: 55085
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-26-2025 - $33,978fair price$1,292 below market
- 26,556 miles
- No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
- 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
- Quantrell Volvo Cars (350 mi away)
Close
Located in Lexington, KY / 350 miles away from Tupelo, MS
EquipmentThis 2021 Volvo XC60 T5 has satellite radio capabilities. The Volvo XC60 comes equipped with Android Auto for seamless smartphone integration...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4102RLXM1755196
Stock: 6152P
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-16-2025 - New Listing$42,590fair price$94 above market
- 7,930 miles
- No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
- 19 mi est. electric range
- 4 Seats, 26 City / 28 Hwy MPG
- Carvana (In-stock online)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 507 miles away from Tupelo, MS
At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: No
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (26 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4BR0DK2M1792854
Stock: 2003899905
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-19-2025 - New Listing$28,998fair price$809 above market
- 59,040 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
- CarMax (In-stock online)
- Transfer available from MD to MS*
Close
Located in Brandywine, MD / 722 miles away from Tupelo, MS
CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4102RL8M1695077
Stock: 27378542
Certified Pre-Owned: No - $29,998fair price$212 below market
- 38,824 miles
- No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
- 17 mi est. electric range
- 5 Seats, 25 City / 28 Hwy MPG
- CarMax (In-stock online)
- Transfer available from MD to MS*
Close
Located in Laurel, MD / 736 miles away from Tupelo, MS
CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: Yes
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (25 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: LYVBR0DM6KB283117
Stock: 27284692
Certified Pre-Owned: No - $31,990fair price$310 below market
- 39,298 miles
- No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
- 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
- Carvana (In-stock online)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Cleveland, OH / 626 miles away from Tupelo, MS
At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4102RLXM1825778
Stock: 2003841272
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-27-2025 - Price Drop$29,990fair price$322 below market
- 61,289 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 19 mi est. electric range
- 4 Seats, 26 City / 28 Hwy MPG
- Carvana (In-stock online)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,338 miles away from Tupelo, MS
At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
27 Combined MPG (26 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4BR0DK5M1861262
Stock: 2003832794
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-30-2025 - New Listing$33,904good price$2,400 below market
- 34,630 miles
- 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
- Napleton Kia of Fishers (420 mi away)
Close
Located in Fishers, IN / 420 miles away from Tupelo, MS
CARFAX One-Owner. Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Thunder Gray Metallic 2023 Volvo XC60 4D Sport Utility B5 Plus Bright Theme 2.0L I4 Turbocharg...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4L12RN3P1197655
Stock: F4464A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-03-2025 - $38,994fair price$341 above market
- 18,291 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Volvo Cars Winston Salem (492 mi away)
Close
Located in Winston Salem, NC / 492 miles away from Tupelo, MS
2023 Volvo XC60 B5 Plus Bright Theme Silver Dawn Metallic 2.0L I4 Turbocharged Automatic with Geartronic FWDNavigation / GPS, Leather, All Routine M...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4L12DE6P1204878
Stock: PV5843
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-03-2025 - New Listing$26,998fair price
- 56,767 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
- CarMax (In-stock online)
- Transfer available from TX to MS*
Close
Located in Austin, TX / 589 miles away from Tupelo, MS
CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4102DLXM1887074
Stock: 27520847
Certified Pre-Owned: No - $20,995fair price$25 below market
- 78,945 miles
- No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
- 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
- Frontline Automotive (240 mi away)
Close
Located in Brewton, AL / 240 miles away from Tupelo, MS
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: LYV102DM9KB330853
Stock: KB330853A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 05-07-2025 - Price Drop
- 47,299 miles
- No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
- 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
- Carvana (In-stock online)
- Home delivery*
Close
Located in Buffalo, NY / 794 miles away from Tupelo, MS
At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4102RL5M1830757
Stock: 2003888505
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-12-2025 - $38,991fair price$722 above market
- 20,619 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Volvo Cars Winston Salem (492 mi away)
Close
Located in Winston Salem, NC / 492 miles away from Tupelo, MS
2023 Volvo XC60 B5 Plus Bright Theme Crystal White Metallic 2.0L I4 Turbocharged Automatic with Geartronic FWDIncludes the Remainder of the Factory ...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4L12DN1P1212449
Stock: PV5743
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 04-28-2025 - $26,391fair price$1,334 below market
- 67,710 miles
- 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
- Audi Gwinnett (262 mi away)
Close
Located in Duluth, GA / 262 miles away from Tupelo, MS
Gray 2021 Volvo XC60 T5 Inscription 4D Sport Utility FWD Automatic with Geartronic I4 22/29 City/Highway MPGOur inventory sells quickly. Please cal...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
25 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4102DL9M1860688
Stock: AL1051A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-02-2025 - New Listing$20,885fair price$99 below market
- 76,899 miles
- No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
- 5 Seats, 22 City / 29 Hwy MPG
- Lexus of Cool Springs (157 mi away)
Close
Located in Brentwood, TN / 157 miles away from Tupelo, MS
2019 Volvo XC60 T5 Momentum Denim Blue MetallicQuality Premium Preowned Vehicles by Lexus of Cool Springs. We offer personalized walk-around videos on...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (22 City/29 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: LYV102DK7KB246934
Stock: L12049A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-21-2025 - New Listing$31,490fair price$927 below market
- 42,435 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
- 5 Seats, 21 City / 28 Hwy MPG
- Rick Case Hyundai Roswell (249 mi away)
Close
Located in Roswell, GA / 249 miles away from Tupelo, MS
Recent Arrival! AWD. Clean CARFAX. AWD Automatic with Geartronic I4
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
24 Combined MPG (21 City/28 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4102RL9M1871036
Stock: RSU905702A
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 07-13-2025 - $41,991fair price
- 17,414 miles
- No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- Park Place Volvo Cars In Dallas (479 mi away)
Close
Located in Dallas, TX / 479 miles away from Tupelo, MS
RECALL NOTICE: Some vehicles offered for sale may be subject to unrepaired manufacturer safety recalls. To determine the recall status of a vehicle, v...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: Yes
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4L12DM9P1282921
Stock: PVDP230589
Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
Listed since: 07-09-2025 - $28,997good price
- 44,730 miles
- 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
- 5 Seats, 23 City / 30 Hwy MPG
- EchoPark Automotive Dallas (Grand Prairie) (495 mi away)
- Five Star Dealer
Close
Located in Grand Prairie, TX / 495 miles away from Tupelo, MS
At EchoPark, it’s all about offering you options for a happy experience. We have thousands of new-to-you makes and models that range from sedans to tr...
AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary
Accident Free Vehicle: No
Personal Use Only: Yes
History Provider: AutoCheck
Title Details: Clean Title
Salvage Vehicle: No
Frame Damage: No
Theft History: No
Lemon Status: No
Free History Report: No
Features and Specs:
26 Combined MPG (23 City/30 Highway)
Listing Information:
VIN: YV4L12DN1P1212158
Stock: PP1212158
Certified Pre-Owned: No
Listed since: 06-03-2025
Showing 316 - 336 out of 1,313 listings
Consumer Reviews for the Volvo XC60
Read recent reviews for the Volvo XC60
Upon Further Review...Volvo XC60 T6 R-Design is it
Steve in Louisiana, 08/23/2018
2019 Volvo XC60 T6 R-Design 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl Twincharger 8A)
In trying to find a new car replacement for my 9 year old Audi A4 3.2L Prestige S-Line, many vehicles were considered ranging from Audi (A4, S4, Q5, SQ5), Mercedes (C series, GLC), Mazda (CX5, 6), VW (GLI, Tiguan), Honda (Accord, Pilot), and a few others. After months of reading articles, owner reviews, and searching websites like Edmunds, etc., it was time to make a choice. Using my … admittedly personal weighting system, many factors such as exterior styling, fuel economy, ease of ingress/egress (some of us are getting older and less flexible than we used to be), interior functionality, safety, and more were evaluated and, as can be read, the Volvo XC60 T6 R-Design was selected and ordered to get the exact option packages we wanted. We ordered the car in February of this year as a 2018 model year, but the 2019 model was delivered 4 mos. later. The Dealership held the 2018 agreed price on the more heavily featured 2019 model so thanks Volvo for that. We strongly considered the T8 (hybrid) version but ultimately rejected it because the new car is intended for highway trips and the additional 500lbs or so would hinder highway fuel mileage. While we only have 1500 miles on the R-Design, so far it is everything I had hoped it would be. It is a superbly comfortable and quiet highway cruiser (indicated 28.2 mpg Interstate, 24.5 mpg combined) that provides a safe, serene, solid, and yes, even sporty-ish driving experience.
Learning the new tech and interface in the center console takes a bit of a homework, but once the preferences are set and the short learning curve is attained, controls seem logical and well laid-out. Steering wheel controls and voice commands handle the majority of routine functions (e.g. radio/music selection and volume, cabin temperature, text message response, automatic cruise control, Pilot Assist, etc.) Favorite features so far include the 1) aforementioned auto-cruise control, head-up display, 2) Bowers & Wilkins audio system, 3) fuel economy, 4) comfortable R-Design seats, and 5) general driving dynamics. A few of my nit-picky dislikes in no particular order are: 1) lack of a sunglasses holder in a overhead bin 2) somewhat unpleasant engine sound under moderately hard acceleration (cruising noise is virtually silent) 3) lack of available CD player (yes, I'm showing my age, but I have a lot of CDs).
UPDATE: FOURTEEN MONTHS LATER
The XC60 continues to meet and exceed my expectations. After several 600 mile round trips, puttering around town, and a total of 18,600 miles on the odometer, there are ZERO mechanical, electrical, interface, or infotainment issues. None. No squeaks, rattles, shimmies, or, loose trim pieces.
The R-Design has had one oil change service and software update (neither of which cost me anything) and another service is due in a couple of weeks. The engine has not used any oil in the roughly 9000 miles of use since the last oil change. The A/C system is terrific, cooling the interior quickly in these hot summer months. All the safety systems continue to function as advertised and impress my occasional work mate passengers. Interstate cruising is quiet, relaxing, and unstressful. Certainly the driver still needs to monitor the road and input steering as required, but the automatic cruise control and lane keeping systems help the miles melt by.
Fuel mileage also continues in the upper 27-28 mpg range at interstate cruising speeds (70-75 mph), and strictly around town driving yields low 20s mpg. We continue to appreciate the very comfortable seats, excellent Bowers & Wilkins audio system, and roomy interior. The XC60 is the optimum size for us and our travel and commuting needs.
Because this is my first experience, much less, my first ownership of a Volvo product, I was very skeptical. The vehicle would have to "win me over". After nearly 18 months of living with it, would I recommend the Volvo XC60 T6 R-Design? Unquestionably.
Now after almost three years and nearly 40k miles of ownership, the XC60 is still performing and providing excellent service. Zero complaints or areas of concern. There's even a trace of new-car-smell lingering. The free maintenance period is over but the last scheduled service was very reasonable and handled quickly by the top notch tech team at the dealership. I would still highly recommend this Volvo to anyone looking for solid, reliable, efficient, and stylish transportation.
Used 2021 Volvo XC60 in Tupelo, MS Values
Estimated values
2021 Volvo XC60 Recharge Plug-In Hybrid T8 Inscription Expression 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl Twincharger gas/electric plug-in hybrid 8A) with no options
| Condition | Trade-In | Private Party | Dealer Retail |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding | $26,786 | $29,463 | $32,144 |
| Clean | $26,367 | $28,995 | $31,625 |
| Average | $25,670 | $28,216 | $30,761 |
| Rough | $24,763 | $27,202 | $29,637 |
The average list price of a used 2021 Volvo XC60 in Tupelo, Mississippi is $32,948. The average mileage on a used Volvo XC60 2021 for sale in Tupelo, Mississippi is 39,522. Based on the average mileage of 39,522 for used 2021 Volvo XC60 for sale in Tupelo, MS and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Volvo XC60 2021 in Tupelo, Mississippi to be $25,670.
Filters
Skip to ResultsApplied Filters4Active
Make & Model
Year
New / Used
Price & Payments
Price Rating
Body Type
Trim
Mileage
Accidents & History
EV Details
Engine & Drivetrain
Exterior Color
Interior Color
Total Seating
Edmunds Review
Features
Options & Packages
MPG
* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.