Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,096 listings
  • New Listing
    $34,500
    great price
    $4,486 below market
    • 47,839 miles
    • 6'4” bed, 6.4l, 8cyl
    • Auto Giants Nissan (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 27 miles away from Washington, DC

    NEW PHOTOS ADDED.2020 Ram 2500 Tradesman Billet Silver Metallic ClearcoatKEY FEATURES INCLUDED:, 17" x 7.5" Steel Styled Wheels, 2 Red Vinyl Flags, 2 ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5CJ6LG136343
    Stock: G2363
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-28-2025

  • $53,937
    good price
    $4,294 below market
    • 46,746 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 6.7l, 6cyl
    • Fred Frederick Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram Laurel (14 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 14 miles away from Washington, DC

    This Ram won't be on the lot long! This vehicle invigorates its segment with sporty proportions, generous equipment and exceptional safety! Turbocharg...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5FL3LG304873
    Stock: 14970A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-17-2025

  • $33,000
    good price
    $3,846 below market
    • 86,000 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 6.4l, 8cyl
    • Faulkner Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Fiat (88 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Mechanicsburg, PA / 88 miles away from Washington, DC

    Recent Arrival! Clean CARFAX. Bright White Clearcoat This 2500 Big Horn is nicely equipped with Bed Utility Group (Deployable Bed Step, LED Bed Lighti...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5DJ3LG286666
    Stock: LG286666
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-25-2025

  • Price Drop
    $31,990
    good price
    $2,387 below market
    • 83,892 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8'2” bed, 6.4l, 8cyl
    • Carvana - Richmond (96 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 96 miles away from Washington, DC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5HJ1LG197186
    Stock: 2003879889
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-19-2025

  • $38,700
    fair price
    $80 below market
    • 77,269 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 6'4” bed, 6.7l, 6cyl
    • Auto Giants Mitsubishi (26 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 26 miles away from Washington, DC

    Summer is Heating Up!2020 Ram 2500 Big Horn Bright White ClearcoatKEY FEATURES INCLUDE:, 4WD, BLUETOOTH, POWER DRIVER SEAT, BACKUP CAMERA, KEYLESS ENT...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5DL6LG115671
    Stock: U2779
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-18-2025

  • $29,990
    fair price
    $457 above market
    • 80,903 miles
    • No accidents, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 6.4l, 8cyl
    • Glen Burnie Auto Exchange (26 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Glen Burnie, MD / 26 miles away from Washington, DC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5HJ1LG201995
    Stock: U6779
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    $44,995
    fair price
    $223 below market
    • 59,650 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 6.4l, 8cyl
    • All Things Automotive (84 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Mc Connellsburg, PA / 84 miles away from Washington, DC

    Take a trip to All Things Automotive in scenic Fulton County, Pennsylvania to see this 2020 RAM 2500 Laramie. This pre-owned 3/4 ton pickup has a 6.4 ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5FJ7LG279555
    Stock: ULG279555
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-21-2025

  • $31,995
    fair price
    $40 above market
    • 80,845 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 6'4” bed, 6.4l, 8cyl
    • InTouch Auto Outlet (57 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Spotsylvania Courthouse, VA / 57 miles away from Washington, DC

    *** 4WD/AWD Rear View Camera Bluetooth Technology Tow Hitch Cloth Seats ABS Brakes Automatic Transmission Overhead Airbags Power Windows AM/FM Stereo ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5DJ5LG297510
    Stock: A5299
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $28,596
    great price
    $5,405 below market
    • 122,409 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 6.7l, 6cyl
    • Carplug of Alexandria (12 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Alexandria, VA / 12 miles away from Washington, DC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5DL0KG673613
    Stock: COA2211
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 68,167 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 6'4” bed, 6.4l, 8cyl
    • i.g. Burton Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram of Newark (85 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Newark, DE / 85 miles away from Washington, DC

    2020 Ram 2500 TradesmanOdometer is 11699 miles below market average!Awards: * Motor Trend Automobiles of the yearSince 1908, i.G. Burton Auto...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5CJ0LG303229
    Stock: JP25092A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

  • $57,388
    great price
    $7,440 below market
    • 35,202 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 6.7l, 6cyl
    • Criswell Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM of Thurmont (49 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Thurmont, MD / 49 miles away from Washington, DC

    2021 Ram 2500 Laramie Pearl White **Matching Cap**, 220 Amp Alternator, 2nd Row In Floor Storage Bins, Adaptive Cruise Control w/Stop, Adaptive Steeri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5FL2MG539542
    Stock: D250626A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-28-2025

  • New Listing
    $23,495
    great price
    $3,510 below market
    • 124,975 miles
    • 6'4” bed, 6.4l, 8cyl
    • Kargar Motors (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 27 miles away from Washington, DC

    BUYING A CAR HAS NEVER BEEN THIS EASY.We specialize in 100% GUARANTEED APPROVAL. BAD CREDIT, NO CREDIT, BANKRUPTCY, REPO, FORECLOSURE...NO PROBLEM. NO...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5CJ5MG584719
    Stock: KMM12005
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $32,499
    good price
    $2,166 below market
    • 92,917 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 6.4l, 8cyl
    • Lindsay Chevrolet (29 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 29 miles away from Washington, DC

    Delmonico Red Pearlcoat 2021 Ram 2500 Tradesman, Clean CARFAX220 Amp Alternator, 5th Wheel/Gooseneck Towing Prep Group, Anti-Spin Differential Rear A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5CJ7MG657122
    Stock: RX25257A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-16-2025

  • $41,000
    fair price
    $300 above market
    • 73,978 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6'4” bed, 6.7l, 6cyl
    • Len Stoler Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (40 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Westminster, MD / 40 miles away from Washington, DC

    2019 Ram 2500 Big Horn Blue Streak Pearlcoat 6-Speed Automatic 4WD Cummins 6.7L I6 TurbodieselClean CARFAX.BLUETOOTH, BACK UP CAMERA, ALLOY WHEELS, TR...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5DL4KG631431
    Stock: BJ1742
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-08-2025

  • Price Drop
    $45,595
    fair price
    $1,894 below market
    • 55,633 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 6.4l, 8cyl
    • Trust Auto (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sykesville, MD / 33 miles away from Washington, DC

    Thank you for visiting another one of Trust Auto's online listings! Please continue for more information on this Loaded 2019 Ram 2500 Power Wagon 4WD ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6TR5EJ4KG642812
    Stock: 642812
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-23-2025

  • Price Drop
    $37,000
    good price
    $1,132 below market
    • 98,067 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8'2” bed, 6.7l, 6cyl
    • Ourisman Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Fiat of Baltimore (35 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Baltimore, MD / 35 miles away from Washington, DC

    CARFAX One-Owner. Recent Arrival! This 2021 Bright White Clearcoat Ram 2500 Big Horn 4WD is well equipped and includes these features and benefits:....

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5JL6MG628196
    Stock: R4756A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-14-2025

  • $29,995
    good price
    $2,466 below market
    • 86,547 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6'4” bed, 6.4l, 8cyl
    • InTouch Auto Outlet (57 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Spotsylvania Courthouse, VA / 57 miles away from Washington, DC

    *** Back-up Camera Bluetooth Connection Integrated Turn Signal Mirrors Keyless Start Privacy Glass Running Boards Tire Pressure Monitor.GOOD CREDIT/ N...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5DJ6MG552246
    Stock: A5550
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $49,595
    fair price
    $141 below market
    • 59,400 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 6.4l, 8cyl
    • Trust Auto (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Sykesville, MD / 33 miles away from Washington, DC

    This Loaded 2021 Ram 2500 Power Wagon 4WD Crew Cab 6-Pass Hemi Pickup Truck w/Level 2 Equipment Group is proudly offered by Trust Auto This Ram includ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6TR5EJ4MG620814
    Stock: 620814
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-30-2025

  • $40,555
    fair price
    $613 below market
    • 73,113 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 8'2” bed, 6.7l, 6cyl
    • Carget Motors (27 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 27 miles away from Washington, DC

    The 2021 Ram 2500 Big Horn stands out as a powerful and dependable workhorse with a refined touch, perfect for drivers who demand performance without ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5JL4MG653517
    Stock: 653517
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-25-2025

  • $55,000
    fair price
    $1,361 above market
    • 55,225 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'4” bed, 6.7l, 6cyl
    • Leesburg Buick GMC (30 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Leesburg, VA / 30 miles away from Washington, DC

    Discover the ultimate work-ready companion with this 2021 Ram 2500 Big Horn. This rugged and capable pickup is built to handle any task you throw its ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5DL9MG543512
    Stock: J014
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 08-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    $38,982
    fair price
    $88 above market
    • 58,897 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 6'4” bed, 6.7l, 6cyl
    • Criswell Chrysler Dodge Jeep RAM of Thurmont (49 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Thurmont, MD / 49 miles away from Washington, DC

    2019 Ram 2500 Big Horn Bright White Clearcoat Quick Order Package 2HZ Big Horn.Clean CARFAX.MD State Inspected w/Fresh Oil Change! Every Pre-Owne...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 3C6UR5DL1KG694180
    Stock: D240750A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 1,096 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Ram 2500

Read recent reviews for the Ram 2500
Overall Consumer Rating
4.1 out of 5 stars30 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 30 reviews
  • 5 star
    (63%)
  • 4 star
    (17%)
  • 3 star
    (3%)
  • 2 star
    (3%)
  • 1 star
    (13%)
1 out of 5 stars

Electrical problem after problem after problem

Mark Dembinsky , 11/30/2020
2020 Ram 2500 Tradesman 2dr Regular Cab 4WD LB (6.4L 8cyl 8A)
I bought a single cab 2020 ram because I liked my 2018 ram so much, but they are NOT the same. I started have electric problems after 30 days( the fuel gauge stopped working). Took it it for repairs and they found nothing wrong with it, they had it for 3 days. 2 days later the problem came back this time they fixed in 9 days. Next the shifter started acting up along with the radio. 19 … days later they had it fixed. Now the back up sensor will not stop beeping when you have it turned off with a trailer on. So it has to go back again. I called the Ram Care Center to try and work out a Swap for this truck because it's a lemon and they told me they would keep fixing it as long as it's under warranty but now do anything else. She suggested I buy a longer warranty. I've owned the truck sent 8/14/20 and it's been in there shop for 30 days so far and has to go back. I will not being buying a Ram ever again if this is how they stand behind there trucks.
Report abuse

Used 2020 Ram 2500 in Washington, DC Values

Estimated values
2020 Ram 2500 Tradesman 4dr Crew Cab 4WD SB (6.4L 8cyl 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$24,702$27,616$30,427
Clean$24,179$27,015$29,747
Average$23,306$26,013$28,613
Rough$22,172$24,710$27,139

The average list price of a used 2020 Ram 2500 in Washington, District of Columbia is $38,780. The average mileage on a used Ram 2500 2020 for sale in Washington, District of Columbia is 74,651. Based on the average mileage of 74,651 for used 2020 Ram 2500 for sale in Washington, DC and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Ram 2500 2020 in Washington, District of Columbia to be $23,306.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.