Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
5,068 listings
    • 49,610 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Palace (423 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 423 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    This vehicle is either still currenty in transport or has just arrived and going through an inspection and detail. If you would like more informat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM3L0781464
    Stock: RF69
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 53,115 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • McGovern Kia of Norwood (259 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Norwood, MA / 259 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    Recent Arrival! McGovern Kia of Norwood is proud to present this McGovern Certified... Snowflake White Pearl Mica 2020 Mazda CX-5 Grand Touring AWD SK...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM8L1786264
    Stock: KU895
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

    • 55,187 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Rochester (76 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Rochester, NY / 76 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBAY6L0842263
    Stock: 26948201
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 36,071 miles
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Hartford (199 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hartford, CT / 199 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM1L0778593
    Stock: 27151056
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 46,420 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Herb Chambers Ford of Braintree (266 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Braintree, MA / 266 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    INSPECTION COMPLETED Every Herb Chambers Certified pre-owned vehicle receives a complete multi-point inspection by factory trained technicians who ins...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFADM7L0742692
    Stock: P156A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-21-2025

  • New Listing
    • 44,105 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Cleveland East (299 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Warrensville Heights, OH / 299 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM1L0728942
    Stock: 27176164
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 47,027 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Richmond (386 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 386 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM7L0869318
    Stock: 2003706205
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • $22,541
    great price
    $1,926 below market
    • 41,300 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Towne Mazda (135 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orchard Park, NY / 135 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBEY7K0610649
    Stock: M23046A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • $22,995
    great price
    $2,909 below market
    • 19,431 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Northstar Kia (200 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Woodside, NY / 200 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    EquipmentProtect this unit from unwanted accidents with a cutting edge backup camera system. This vehicle features a hands-free Bluetooth phon...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDMXM0471697
    Stock: KU3388
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 10-08-2024

  • New Listing
    $18,395
    great price
    $3,771 below market
    • 59,758 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Autoland USA (223 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Selden, NY / 223 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    This 2021 Mazda SUV CX-5 TOURING is a reliable and efficient vehicle that has been driven 59,758 miles. It has an all wheel drive system with a 2.5 li...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM3M0435707
    Stock: 9283T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

  • New Listing
    $15,900
    great price
    $2,354 below market
    • 83,922 miles
    • 4 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Freehold Mitsubishi (219 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Freehold Township, NJ / 219 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBBM2K1603989
    Stock: JM3KFBBM2K1603989
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 29,149 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Weirs GMC (283 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Arundel, ME / 283 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    CX-5 Touring, 4D Sport Utility, SKYACTIV® 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V, 6-Speed Automatic, AWD, Sonic Silver Metallic, Black Artificial Leather, 6 Speaker...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM5L0795754
    Stock: G24473B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-05-2025

  • Price Drop
    $13,499
    great price
    $2,143 below market
    • 122,759 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Spot of Mountain Lakes (177 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Mountain Lakes, NJ / 177 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    Price includes all costs to be paid by consumer, except for licensing costs, registration fees, retail package, title and taxes. Any monetary discount...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM1K0684133
    Stock: 684133-33
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $24,600
    great price
    $2,476 below market
    • 27,543 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Freehold Mitsubishi (219 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Freehold Township, NJ / 219 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBEY4M0425381
    Stock: 425381
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 11-26-2024

  • Price Drop
    $18,333
    great price
    $1,693 below market
    • 77,672 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 25 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Taj Auto Mall (173 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bethlehem, PA / 173 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    The 2019 Mazda CX-5 Grand Touring is a versatile 4D Sport Utility vehicle featuring a sleek Snowflake White Pearl Mica exterior and a luxurious Parchm...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (25 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFADM6K1655391
    Stock: T8220
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-31-2025

  • Price Drop
    $17,800
    great price
    $2,023 below market
    • 91,445 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (371 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Farmington Hills, MI / 371 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heads-Up Display,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM2K0635103
    Stock: K0635103P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $20,488
    great price
    $1,625 below market
    • 35,335 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (220 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Freehold, NJ / 220 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Rem...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCMXM0388255
    Stock: SM105105A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $22,495
    great price
    $1,803 below market
    • 27,931 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Stevens 112 Ford (228 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Patchogue, NY / 228 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    *Vehicle Details*Get ready to elevate your driving experience with this stunning 2021 Mazda CX-5 Grand Touring! With just 27,895 miles on the odometer...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM1M1316479
    Stock: UV11486
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $22,700
    great price
    $1,718 below market
    • 28,266 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Ourisman Kia of Fairfax (301 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fairfax, VA / 301 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price! Clean CARFAX. Odometer is 7240 miles below market average!2021 Mazda CX-5 Touring AWD Soul Red Crystal Metallic...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM2M1447437
    Stock: AM2380
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    $21,000
    great price
    $1,979 below market
    • 57,491 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Beyer Kia Falls Church (297 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Falls Church, VA / 297 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    The 2021 Mazda CX-5 Grand Touring is a stylish, performance-oriented compact SUV that combines luxury, advanced technology, and excellent driving dyna...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM1M0483379
    Stock: 10600VK
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-04-2025

  • Price Drop
    $19,519
    great price
    $2,322 below market
    • 32,100 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • North Coast Mitsubishi - West Cleveland (309 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 309 miles away from Syracuse, NY

    2021 Mazda CX-5 Touring Snowflake White Pearl Mica 4D Sport Utility SKYACTIV® 2.5L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16VBlind spot warning, Keyless start, Lane Depart...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM1M1499982
    Stock: 499982CA1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-13-2025

Showing 85 - 105 out of 5,068 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mazda CX-5

Read recent reviews for the Mazda CX-5
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars106 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 106 reviews
  • 5 star
    (75%)
  • 4 star
    (12%)
  • 3 star
    (7%)
  • 2 star
    (1%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
5 out of 5 stars

Fun to drive and excellent value

Peter B, 02/11/2020
2020 Mazda CX-5 Touring 4dr SUV (2.5L 4cyl 6A)
Traded in a high mileage ‘15 Forester and couldn’t be happier with the CX5. I got the Touring with the option package which includes the sunroof, power lift gate and Bose. I immediately took it on a 1600 mile trip from DFW to ATL and back. Its a comfortable car for long trips with great road feel. I was always cruising at about 75 to 80 mph and it never felt sluggish or underpowered. …
Report abuse

Used 2020 Mazda CX-5 in Syracuse, NY Values

Estimated values
2020 Mazda CX-5 Touring 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$19,126$21,340$23,482
Clean$18,564$20,690$22,742
Average$17,629$19,608$21,509
Rough$16,413$18,201$19,905

The average list price of a used 2020 Mazda CX-5 in Syracuse, New York is $21,245. The average mileage on a used Mazda CX-5 2020 for sale in Syracuse, New York is 50,745. Based on the average mileage of 50,745 for used 2020 Mazda CX-5 for sale in Syracuse, NY and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda CX-5 2020 in Syracuse, New York to be $17,629.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.