Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
4,172 listings
  • New Listing
    • 116,777 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Morries Minnetonka Mazda (469 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Minnetonka, MN / 469 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDL5H0132911
    Stock: H0132911
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

  • New Listing
    • 26,761 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,028 miles away from Lansing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBBM3P0247386
    Stock: 2003711680
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • Price Drop
    $24,544
    fair price
    $32 above market
    • 39,323 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Napleton's Schaumburg Mazda (186 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 186 miles away from Lansing, MI

    24/30 City/Highway MPGLove where you buy at Napleton Mazda! With four Napleton Mazda stores in the Chicago area, we have access to a huge inventory of...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBBM7P0243891
    Stock: 107288A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 10,988 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Borgman Mazda (61 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grandville, MI / 61 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Check out this 2023! Maximum utility meets passenger comfort in the midsize segment! Mazda infused the interior with top shelf amenities, such as: a p...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM7P0135849
    Stock: 25MP240
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

    • 33,382 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Mazda of Bedford (180 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Bedford, OH / 180 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Certified. 2023 Eternal Blue Mica Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Preferred Package AWD This Mazda CX-5 has many features and is well equipped including, AppLink/App...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM9P0136890
    Stock: 9237X
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-03-2025

  • New Listing
    • 30,575 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Baglier Mazda (269 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Butler, PA / 269 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Located at Baglier Mazda... CERTIFIED 1-Owner Locally Traded Rhodium White Mazda CX-5 2.5 S... Rear Camera... 100k Mile Warranty... Blind Spot Ale...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBAM6P0147851
    Stock: Z9221B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-03-2025

    • 27,743 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Luther Ford Lincoln (317 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Homer City, PA / 317 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Soul Red Crystal Metallic 4D Sport Utility 2023 Mazda CX-5 24/30 City/Highway MPG 2.5 S Preferred PackageAWD 6-Speed Automatic SKYACTIV 2.5L 4-Cylinde...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM9P0161191
    Stock: 32567A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-25-2025

  • New Listing
    • 106,865 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 618 miles away from Lansing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFADL9H0134770
    Stock: 2003741464
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-15-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $28,000
    fair price
    $139 above market
    • 32,444 miles
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Holiday Ford (211 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fond Du Lac, WI / 211 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AWD | MAZDA CERTIFIED | APPLE CARPLAY/ANDROID AUTO | MOONROOF | BACK-UP CAMERA | Bluetooth | LEATHER HEATED/COOLED FRONT BUCKET SEATS | HEATED SPLIT...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBEMXP0150472
    Stock: T7048
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

  • New Listing
    • 99,459 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 1,614 miles away from Lansing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCL3H0202892
    Stock: 2003763468
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-24-2025

  • New Listing
    • 24,582 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 507 miles away from Lansing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBXY5P0102068
    Stock: 2003758882
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-29-2025

    • 46,503 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Twin Pine Ford (468 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Ephrata, PA / 468 miles away from Lansing, MI

    PA's #1 Ford Store. 2023 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S AWD Keyless Ignition, Keyless Entry, Blind Spot Monitor, Rear Cross Traffic Alert, Forward Collision Alert, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBAM8P0229435
    Stock: M29435
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 81,068 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • River Front Auto Sales (287 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Buffalo, NY / 287 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCL6H0156989
    Stock: 25116
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-13-2025

  • New Listing
    • 40,673 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 1,407 miles away from Lansing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM7P0193430
    Stock: 2003681626
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

    • 72,078 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Van Horn Latino of Milwaukee (173 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Milwaukee, WI / 173 miles away from Lansing, MI

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBBM7P0199455
    Stock: H812318E
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

  • New Listing
    • 74,736 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Birmingham, AL / 648 miles away from Lansing, MI

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFACL0H0186421
    Stock: 2003735573
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-16-2025

    • 40,717 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Basney Mazda (111 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in South Bend, IN / 111 miles away from Lansing, MI

    CERTIFIED MAZDA, ACCIDENT FREE AUTO CHECK, LEATHER, MOONROOF, AWD, 100 % SERVICED AND UP TO DATE, REAR VIEW BACKUP CAMERA, REAR TRAFFIC CROSS ALERT, S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM9P0109656
    Stock: 10080
    Certified Pre-Owned: Yes
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

  • New Listing
    • 26,788 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Paramus, NJ / 553 miles away from Lansing, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,W...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBAM6P0166612
    Stock: 9C166612A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $28,999
    fair price
    $371 above market
    • 21,272 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in North Brunswick, NJ / 544 miles away from Lansing, MI

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBEM6P0128808
    Stock: BTP11745
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 28,300 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Jeff D'Ambrosio Dodge Chrysler Jeep Ram (497 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Downingtown, PA / 497 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Destination Downingtown! Jeff D'Ambrosio the dealership you can trust! Over 38 Acres of New & Pre-Owned Cars, Van, Trucks & SUV's. Browse our online i...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM1P0134047
    Stock: 250918A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-20-2025

  • New Listing
    $27,987
    fair price
    $538 below market
    • 27,553 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Coral Springs, FL / 1,162 miles away from Lansing, MI

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather Se...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBEM3P0254804
    Stock: TDP0254504
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 2,962 - 2,982 out of 4,172 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mazda CX-5

Read recent reviews for the Mazda CX-5
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars106 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 106 reviews
  • 5 star
    (75%)
  • 4 star
    (12%)
  • 3 star
    (7%)
  • 2 star
    (1%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
5 out of 5 stars

Fun to drive and excellent value

Peter B, 02/11/2020
2020 Mazda CX-5 Touring 4dr SUV (2.5L 4cyl 6A)
Traded in a high mileage ‘15 Forester and couldn’t be happier with the CX5. I got the Touring with the option package which includes the sunroof, power lift gate and Bose. I immediately took it on a 1600 mile trip from DFW to ATL and back. Its a comfortable car for long trips with great road feel. I was always cruising at about 75 to 80 mph and it never felt sluggish or underpowered. …
Report abuse

Used 2017 Mazda CX-5 in Lansing, MI Values

Estimated values
2017 Mazda CX-5 Grand Touring 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$15,525$18,495$20,781
Clean$14,832$17,638$19,784
Average$13,676$16,210$18,122
Rough$12,174$14,354$15,962

The average list price of a used 2017 Mazda CX-5 in Lansing, Michigan is $24,973. The average mileage on a used Mazda CX-5 2017 for sale in Lansing, Michigan is 48,028. Based on the average mileage of 48,028 for used 2017 Mazda CX-5 for sale in Lansing, MI and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda CX-5 2017 in Lansing, Michigan to be $13,676.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.