Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
1,889 listings
  • $24,998
    fair price
    $28 below market
    • 54,213 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 2,290 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDM8P0146440
    Stock: 27428648
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $23,875
    good price
    $1,048 below market
    • 50,458 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Easterns Automotive Group of Sterling / Direct Car Buying (3 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Sterling, VA / 3 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    more

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM0P0121081
    Stock: 159017
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-26-2024

  • New Listing
    • 12,204 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OK to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 1,122 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    24 Combined MPG (22 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBAY4P0115418
    Stock: 27437115
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $26,998
    fair price
    $427 above market
    • 17,549 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Winterville, NC / 241 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM6P0169216
    Stock: 27123091
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $23,487
    good price
    $850 below market
    • 30,378 miles
    • 2 accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Jake Sweeney Express (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 374 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    Take your driving experience to the next level with our fantastic, One Owner 2023 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Select AWD in Sonic Silver Metallic! Motivated by a...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBBM4P0144879
    Stock: H92177
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-18-2025

  • $25,895
    good price
    $791 below market
    • 21,327 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Faulkner INFINITI of Mechanicsburg (88 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Mechanicsburg, PA / 88 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM0P0159443
    Stock: P0159443
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-20-2025

  • New Listing
    $13,599
    fair price
    $1,030 above market
    • 112,641 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 26 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Laurel (36 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Trip Computer
    • Rear Bench Seats
    Close

    Located in Laurel, MD / 36 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (26 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE2BE3F0502242
    Stock: 27283919
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $26,998
    fair price
    $736 above market
    • 19,109 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Oceanside, CA / 2,240 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCMXP0254690
    Stock: 27270922
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,999
    fair price
    $62 above market
    • 112,807 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Lancaster Hyundai (95 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in East Petersburg, PA / 95 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KE4CY8F0489170
    Stock: H15519A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

    • 9,064 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,159 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBDMXP0131583
    Stock: 2003615188
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

  • New Listing
    • 19,401 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Troy, MI / 385 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Lane Keeping Assist,Leather Seats,Sunroof / Moonroof...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM9P0264210
    Stock: P0264210P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $27,500
    fair price
    $19 below market
    • 3,695 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Ourisman Hyundai of Bowie (42 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Bowie, MD / 42 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    2025 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Select Package * 5 STAR OVERALL SAFETY RATING *, AppLink/Apple CarPlay and Android Auto, Four wheel independent suspension, Fron...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBBL6S0562277
    Stock: HB8374
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-09-2025

  • $17,771
    fair price
    $577 above market
    • 67,508 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 31 Hwy MPG
    • Ourisman Kia of Alexandria (29 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Alexandria, VA / 29 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (24 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFACL3H0119523
    Stock: A6268A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-08-2025

  • New Listing
    • 17,079 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from TX to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 1,209 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBEM4P0162942
    Stock: 26962473
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $26,998
    fair price
    $541 above market
    • 20,264 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Stockbridge, GA / 535 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM1P0106766
    Stock: 27462485
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $26,998
    fair price
    $682 above market
    • 20,294 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Norcross, GA / 512 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM2P0126301
    Stock: 27366578
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $25,998
    fair price
    $36 above market
    • 22,792 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Melbourne, FL / 781 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM8P0135391
    Stock: 26958178
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $27,788
    fair price
    $558 below market
    • 21,280 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in North Brunswick, NJ / 187 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,CarFax 1-Owner,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBEM6P0128808
    Stock: BTP11745
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $22,878
    fair price
    $164 above market
    • 62,926 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, rental vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • Enterprise Car Sales (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Urbandale, IA / 874 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    Transfer of vehicle from another location to your neighborhood Enterprise Car Sales may require payment of a non-refundable transfer fee to begin the ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM9P0193221
    Stock: 7W0L59
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • $25,998
    fair price
    $489 below market
    • 23,508 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 24 City / 30 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to VA*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 655 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (24 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCM8P0129025
    Stock: 27166739
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $17,500
    fair price
    $475 above market
    • 74,745 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 23 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Bayside Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (52 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Annapolis, MD / 52 miles away from Ashburn, VA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: JM3KFBCL2H0218792
    Stock: H0218792
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

Showing 1,177 - 1,197 out of 1,889 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mazda CX-5

Read recent reviews for the Mazda CX-5
Overall Consumer Rating
4.5 out of 5 stars106 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 106 reviews
  • 5 star
    (75%)
  • 4 star
    (12%)
  • 3 star
    (7%)
  • 2 star
    (1%)
  • 1 star
    (5%)
5 out of 5 stars

Fun to drive and excellent value

Peter B, 02/11/2020
2020 Mazda CX-5 Touring 4dr SUV (2.5L 4cyl 6A)
Traded in a high mileage ‘15 Forester and couldn’t be happier with the CX5. I got the Touring with the option package which includes the sunroof, power lift gate and Bose. I immediately took it on a 1600 mile trip from DFW to ATL and back. Its a comfortable car for long trips with great road feel. I was always cruising at about 75 to 80 mph and it never felt sluggish or underpowered. …
Report abuse

Used 2023 Mazda CX-5 in Ashburn, VA Values

Estimated values
2023 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Premium 4dr SUV AWD (2.5L 4cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$20,862$22,260$23,838
Clean$20,610$21,945$23,451
Average$20,190$21,419$22,806
Rough$19,645$20,736$21,967

The average list price of a used 2023 Mazda CX-5 in Ashburn, Virginia is $24,631. The average mileage on a used Mazda CX-5 2023 for sale in Ashburn, Virginia is 37,773. Based on the average mileage of 37,773 for used 2023 Mazda CX-5 for sale in Ashburn, VA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mazda CX-5 2023 in Ashburn, Virginia to be $20,190.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.