Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
280 listings
    • 44,766 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 408 miles away from Katy, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT48LE77LF189927
    Stock: 2003878049
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 88,343 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Spokane, WA / 1,688 miles away from Katy, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Remote St...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT19PEY5LF223282
    Stock: LF223282B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $62,298
    great price
    $7,432 below market
    • 23,931 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Temecula, CA / 1,277 miles away from Katy, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Low Mileage,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Heads-Up Display,Heated Seats,Heated Stee...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT49REY9MF164280
    Stock: MF164280P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 64,488 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • AutoNation Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Katy (5 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Katy, TX / 5 miles away from Katy, TX

    Engine; Duramax 6.6L Turbo-Diesel V8; B20-Diesel CompatibleAt4 Premium Plus PackageAt4 Preferred PackageAssist Steps; Power-Retractable; BlackTech...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT49PEY3PF151730
    Stock: PF151730
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-10-2025

  • New Listing
    • 49,621 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Carsandpickups.com (3 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Katy, TX / 3 miles away from Katy, TX

    Stock: 242570**6.6L Duramax V8 Turbo Diesel Engine**Allison Automatic Transmission**Crew Cab Denali Edition**24" Hardcore Offroad Custom Wheels**37x13...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT49REY1NF242570
    Stock: 242570
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

    • 88,252 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'7” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Carsandpickups.com (3 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Katy, TX / 3 miles away from Katy, TX

    Stock:281618**6.6L Duramax V8 Turbo Diesel Engine**Allison Automatic Transmission**Crew Cab Denali Edition**20" Custom Wheels**37x12.50x20 Tires**Appr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT12UEY5JF281618
    Stock: 281618
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    • 62,038 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Covert Chevrolet (95 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Bastrop, TX / 95 miles away from Katy, TX

    **ONE OWNER**, **APPLE CAR PLAY**, Sierra 2500HD Pro, 4D Crew Cab, 6.6L V8, 6-Speed Automatic, 4WD, Summit White, Jet Black w/Forge Perforated Leather...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT49LE7XNF224296
    Stock: 242411A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

    • 108,215 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6'10” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Paisanos Auto (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 21 miles away from Katy, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT49PEY5LF334721
    Stock: 334721
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-01-2025

    • 116,778 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Paisanos Auto (21 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 21 miles away from Katy, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT49REY9LF315388
    Stock: 315388
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

    • 72,696 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from Pharr, TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Pharr, TX / 284 miles away from Katy, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT49REY6LF183593
    Stock: 27041159
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 64,781 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Bayway Cadillac of the Woodlands (39 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in The Woodlands, TX / 39 miles away from Katy, TX

    New Price! Clean CARFAX. White Frost Tricoat 2023 GMC Sierra 2500HD SLT 4WD 10-Speed Automatic Duramax 6.6L V8 Turbodiesel 10-Speed Automatic, 4WD, Da...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT49NEY3PF132356
    Stock: CE250859B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

    • 112,384 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Gay Buick GMC (49 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dickinson, TX / 49 miles away from Katy, TX

    Ebony Twilight Metallic 2022 GMC Sierra 2500HD AT4 4WD 10-Speed Automatic Duramax 6.6L V8 Turbodiesel Preferred Equipment Group 4SB (12-Volt Rear Auxi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT49PEY8NF131759
    Stock: 047316A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-23-2025

    • 81,613 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 6'10” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Helfman Ford (16 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Stafford, TX / 16 miles away from Katy, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT49REYXNF314057
    Stock: F314057
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Stock photo**
    • 55,473 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Covert Chevrolet (95 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Bastrop, TX / 95 miles away from Katy, TX

    **ONE OWNER**, **LEATHER**, **HEATED SEATS**, **APPLE CAR PLAY**, **SUNROOF**, **BACK-UP CAMERA**, **4WD**, **TOW PACKAGE**, **NAVIGATION**, **RUNNING...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT49REY0NF221676
    Stock: AP1935
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-11-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 50,042 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Emmons Motor Company (44 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Webster, TX / 44 miles away from Katy, TX

    Disclaimer TO BEST SERVE OUR CUSTOMERS PLEASE CALL TO SCHEDULE AN APPOINTMENT!!!!! All of our vehicles have been rigorously inspected and are worry-fr...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT49NEYXMF203838
    Stock: 50090
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    $44,919
    good price
    $2,341 below market
    • 114,665 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'7” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Fresno, CA / 1,462 miles away from Katy, TX

    High Demand,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Heated Seats,Heated Steering Wheel,Leather Seats,Navigation System,Premium Sound,Remote Start,Satellite Radio,Sun...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT12SEY9KF204174
    Stock: KF204174PX
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 71,366 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8'2” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Wiesner Buick GMC (45 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Conroe, TX / 45 miles away from Katy, TX

    New Price! White Frost Tricoat 2023 GMC Sierra 2500HD Denali Ultimate 4WD 10-Speed Automatic Duramax 6.6L V8 Turbodiesel 10-Speed Automatic, 4WD, Dark...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT49REY3PF128802
    Stock: SC5619A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

    • Not provided
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6'10” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • MIA Motor Sport (19 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 19 miles away from Katy, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT59LEY3NF239767
    Stock: 239767
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    Stock photo**
    $47,989
    great price
    $4,061 below market
    • 67,153 miles
    • 6'7” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Jake Sweeney Express (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 921 miles away from Katy, TX

    Jake Sweeney Is Here to Help! If you are in need of a new or used vehicle, we are offering you the ability to shop online and have your vehicle delive...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT12REYXKF253845
    Stock: D80039
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-01-2025

  • $51,990
    good price
    $2,884 below market
    • 104,258 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 408 miles away from Katy, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT19REY9MF218809
    Stock: 2003623919
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 52,228 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6'10” bed, 6.6l, 8cyl
    • Wiesner Buick GMC (45 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Conroe, TX / 45 miles away from Katy, TX

    Recent Arrival! CARFAX One-Owner. Pacific Blue Metallic 2023 GMC Sierra 2500HD AT4 4WD 10-Speed Automatic Duramax 6.6L V8 Turbodiesel 10-Speed Automat...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GT49PEY8PF140576
    Stock: SC5654A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-17-2025

Showing 43 - 63 out of 280 listings

Consumer Reviews for the GMC Sierra 2500HD

Read recent reviews for the GMC Sierra 2500HD
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars18 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 18 reviews
  • 5 star
    (72%)
  • 4 star
    (11%)
  • 3 star
    (6%)
  • 2 star
    (11%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
4 out of 5 stars

Love the looks, love the power, love the economy

Rick B., 03/18/2021
2020 GMC Sierra 2500HD AT4 4dr Crew Cab 4WD SB (6.6L 8cyl 6A)
I purchased a 2020 Sierra 2500HD AT4 (Duramax) in November of 2020. This thing is a BEAST and a joy to drive. I've put almost 131K miles on it thus far and have not had a single issue. IMHO, the interior is better than a Ford but trails behind the Dodge. However, just because it seems less capable with technology isn't necessarily true. I have physical switches for many things that … the Dodge incorporates in their big screen. I MUCH prefer the switches because I don't have to go through electronic pages to find what I'm looking for. The seats are a bit hard but are very supportive. I'm averaging a 21mpg with it at this point but the majority (80%) of my driving is highway speeds. In an attempt see just how good of gas mileage I could get, I drove a cruise controlled speed of 55 mph on a VERY flat 2 lane road for a little over 75 miles. My results, 29.3mpg, yep, you read that right. As I get up to interstate cruising speed it's much closer to 22mpg. I have hauled my 6,000 pound boat a couple of times with it and it still gets around 14mpg. Speaking of hauling the boat, this thing tows like a dream. The cameras, mirrors and tow-haul mode work great and if I couldn't see the boat in my mirrors, I would hardly know it's there. The voice command menu and responsiveness is great, no issues with it and it has always recognized what I'm asking for. The Bose speakers produce more than I can listen to, and the cab is quiet enough for conference calls when I'm travelling for work. The in-cab outlet is perfect for charging my laptop on the go and allows my wife to use the computer when we travel without killing the battery. I put a hardcover on the bed but with the multipro tailgate I rarely have to do anything with it, and I make a LOT of trips to the lumber yard for 8'+ lumber. All I have to do is drop the upper portion of the tailgate and the long lumber slides right in and is safe and secure. One thing I would criticize. It doesn't match up when compared to the other makers off-roading capabilities (manual/push button locking differentials), but I didn't really buy it for that. If you want something to do some relatively challenging off-road cruising, look elsewhere. I could go on, but suffice it to say that I LOVE this truck and would absolutely recommend it without hesitation.
Report abuse

Used 2020 GMC Sierra 2500HD in Katy, TX Values

Estimated values
2020 GMC Sierra 2500HD 4dr Crew Cab LB (6.6L 8cyl 6A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$25,290$27,899$30,416
Clean$24,754$27,292$29,736
Average$23,861$26,279$28,602
Rough$22,700$24,963$27,129

The average list price of a used 2020 GMC Sierra 2500HD in Katy, Texas is $54,076. The average mileage on a used GMC Sierra 2500HD 2020 for sale in Katy, Texas is 74,655. Based on the average mileage of 74,655 for used 2020 GMC Sierra 2500HD for sale in Katy, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used GMC Sierra 2500HD 2020 in Katy, Texas to be $23,861.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Truck Details

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.