Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
2,138 listings
  • $34,493
    fair price
    $459 below market
    • 34,307 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Ryan Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram Monticello (256 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Monticello, MN / 256 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    The 2021 Chevrolet Camaro LT1 at Ryan Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram in Buffalo, MN represents an exhilarating fusion of raw V8 power and refined modern tech...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FF1R76M0137618
    Stock: T2071A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • $39,995
    fair price
    $1,390 below market
    • 47,977 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl manual
    • Affinity Auto Sales (289 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in West Chicago, IL / 289 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    FINANCING AVAILABLE UNDER PERSONAL NAME AND OR UNDER BUSINESS.SHIPPING AVAILABLE WORLD WIDE AT LOW COSTCUSTOMIZABLE WARRANTIES AVAILABLE UP TO 6 YEARS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FE1R72K0112716
    Stock: A3855
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $24,990
    fair price
    $574 above market
    • 42,226 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 1,474 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FB1RS3K0118974
    Stock: 2003849212
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-05-2025

  • $39,993
    fair price
    $29 below market
    • 31,991 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Schoepp Motors Middleton West (240 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Middleton, WI / 240 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FH1R79K0138480
    Stock: VIN
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

  • $32,991
    fair price
    $779 above market
    • 12,552 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Bloomington Chrysler Jeep Dodge (226 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Bloomington, MN / 226 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    8YR Certified, One Owner, Clean Carfax, Local Trade, Apple CarPlay / Google Android Auto, Remote Start, Rear Camera, Heated Seats, 8yr/100,000 miles L...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FD3DX7P0144218
    Stock: 11J1518T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-27-2025

  • New Listing
    $23,000
    good price
    $2,110 below market
    • 118,440 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Indy Auto Man (419 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 419 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/25 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FH3D71H0213958
    Stock: R2861
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

    • 41,743 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl manual
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in San Antonio, TX / 882 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FE1R75K0137660
    Stock: 2003875734
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-13-2025

  • Price Drop
    $46,495
    fair price
    $1,751 above market
    • 10,995 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Napleton Chevrolet St. Charles (282 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Saint Charles, IL / 282 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    The Napleton Auto Group promotes a no pressure buying experience that puts the customer in charge of the buying process, and for over 80 years, the Na...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FF1R76P0101982
    Stock: P586
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-28-2025

  • New Listing
    $27,790
    fair price
    $696 above market
    • 35,710 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 1,470 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Satellite Radio,Turbo/Supercharged,WiFi Hotspot,V6 Cylinder Engine,Power D...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FB1RS0M0122919
    Stock: M0122919T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $24,995
    fair price
    $551 below market
    • 59,059 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Indy Wholesale Direct (409 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Carmel, IN / 409 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    2021 Chevrolet Camaro 1LT Recent Trade, Bluetooth, Back Up Camera, 6-Speaker Audio System Feature, 8-Way Power Driver Seat Adjuster, Air Conditioning,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FB1RS4M0103256
    Stock: 103256T
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • $19,900
    fair price
    $354 above market
    • 95,711 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Luethje Auto Sales (67 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Gladbrook, IA / 67 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    Bluetooth, Convertible, Dual Power Seats, Remote Entry, Rear Backup Camera and MORE! This vehicle is located at our Marshalltown location. Check out t...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    23 Combined MPG (20 City/30 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FB3DX0K0137657
    Stock: C0225
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

  • $19,990
    fair price
    $1,341 below market
    • 66,347 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Indy Trucks (416 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 416 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    2019 Camaro Convertiable, V6, Automatic, Alloy Rims, Back up Camera, Remote Start, Apple Car Play. Ready to have some fun in the sun this is the car f...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FB3DS4K0149752
    Stock: 149752
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-25-2025

  • $39,995
    fair price
    $491 above market
    • 9,133 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl manual
    • The Chevrolet Exchange (306 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Lake Bluff, IL / 306 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    Give us a call today to schedule a test drive! 847-810-1975 // Please note that there may be a potential 24-hr lag on vehicle inventory updates. We wo...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FE1R74P0146339
    Stock: CP4201
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

  • $45,990
    fair price
    $1,290 above market
    • 4,093 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Kia of Manhattan (221 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Manhattan, KS / 221 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    If you're in the market for a vehicle and looking to do business with a nearby car dealership that values honesty, transparency while providing top-no...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FF3D72P0105305
    Stock: P0105305
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-21-2025

  • New Listing
    $25,672
    fair price
    $897 below market
    • 30,410 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Mark McLarty Toyota (477 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in North Little Rock, AR / 477 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    ONLY AT MARK MCLARTY TOYOTA, Camaro 2LT 2LT, 2D Convertible, 3.6L V6 DI, 8-Speed Automatic, RWD, Arctic Blue Metallic, Medium Ash Gray w/Leather-Trimm...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FD3DSXH0156689
    Stock: H0156689
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

  • Price Drop
    $22,358
    good price
    $1,588 below market
    • 53,700 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Lakeside Huntington (430 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Huntington, IN / 430 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FB1RS3K0145026
    Stock: 392-N171
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • $65,999
    fair price
    $2,095 above market
    • 14,848 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 8cyl manual
    • Summit Automotive Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram (306 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Fond Du Lac, WI / 306 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    CLEAN TITLE HISTORY! CLEAN CARFAX!* 6.2 Liter Supercharged V8 Engine, 650 Horsepower* Two Door Coupe* ZL1 Package* 6 Speed Manual Transmission Stick S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FJ1R66K0124435
    Stock: 15742Z
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-04-2025

  • $17,999
    fair price
    $647 below market
    • 62,430 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Global Auto Sales (117 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Bellevue, NE / 117 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    * Vehicle Details: *Year: 2017Make: ChevroletModel: Camero *LT* Miles: 62,430VIN: 1G1FB1RXXH0157260Exterior Color: RedInterior Color: BlackEngine: 2.0...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (22 City/31 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FB1RXXH0157260
    Stock: 12211
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $31,998
    fair price
    $1,025 above market
    • 14,212 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from PA to IA*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Mechanicsburg, PA / 876 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FB1RS9M0131988
    Stock: 27362126
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $39,990
    fair price
    $1,363 below market
    • 36,270 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 8cyl automatic
    • Suntrup Buick GMC (256 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Saint Peters, MO / 256 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    This vehicle is a 2023 Chevrolet Camaro Coupe, with 36,270 miles. It is equipped with a 6.2 liter 8 cylinder engine and fuel injection, and is RWD for...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (16 City/24 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FF1R71P0102263
    Stock: P6764
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • New Listing
    $37,995
    fair price
    $831 above market
    • 9,312 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Hubler Chevrolet (421 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Indianapolis, IN / 421 miles away from Des Moines, IA

    LOW MILES - 9,312! EPA 29 MPG Hwy/18 MPG City! $3,500 below J.D. Power Retail! Heated/Cooled Leather Seats, Satellite Radio, WiFi Hotspot, Dual Zone A...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1G1FD3DS1P0133655
    Stock: 250683B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-24-2025

Showing 358 - 378 out of 2,138 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Chevrolet Camaro

Read recent reviews for the Chevrolet Camaro
Overall Consumer Rating
4.6 out of 5 stars57 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 57 reviews
  • 5 star
    (74%)
  • 4 star
    (16%)
  • 3 star
    (5%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (0%)
5 out of 5 stars

Best band for the buck anywhere!!

StevesCamaro, 04/17/2019
2019 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 2dr Coupe (6.2L 8cyl S/C 6M)
Wow, what a car! Best bang for the buck. Great interior even if somewhat limited visibility. The '19 model makes up for that with the review camera/mirror feature though. Awesome power and it puts it down to the ground without being as sinister and scary as the Corvette. Can't go wrong with this car.
Report abuse

Used 2021 Chevrolet Camaro in Des Moines, IA Values

Estimated values
2021 Chevrolet Camaro LT1 2dr Coupe (6.2L 8cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$26,500$28,072$29,661
Clean$26,005$27,485$28,975
Average$25,181$26,507$27,833
Rough$24,109$25,236$26,348

The average list price of a used 2021 Chevrolet Camaro in Des Moines, Iowa is $33,439. The average mileage on a used Chevrolet Camaro 2021 for sale in Des Moines, Iowa is 39,594. Based on the average mileage of 39,594 for used 2021 Chevrolet Camaro for sale in Des Moines, IA and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Chevrolet Camaro 2021 in Des Moines, Iowa to be $25,181.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.