Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
912 listings
    • 22,233 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 24 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Land Rover Cary (169 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Cary, NC / 169 miles away from Columbia, SC

    Crystal White Pearl Metallic 2019 Volvo S60 T5 Inscription FWD Automatic with Geartronic I4We are more than just a dealership here at JAGUAR LAND ROVE...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JR102FL8KG009574
    Stock: RP70413
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-12-2025

    • 43,345 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 24 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • The Volvo Cars Store (380 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Winter Park, FL / 380 miles away from Columbia, SC

    Check out this 2019 Volvo S60 Momentum. Its Automatic transmission and Intercooled Turbo Premium Unleaded I-4 2.0 L/120 engine will keep you going. Th...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JR102FK7KG007550
    Stock: 25769A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-07-2025

    • 70,018 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 21 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • DARCARS Volvo Cars Fairfax (388 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fairfax, VA / 388 miles away from Columbia, SC

    2019 Volvo S60 T6 R-Design Pebble Gray Metallic AWD Automatic with Geartronic I413 Speakers, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, ABS brakes, Air Conditioning, Alloy ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRA22TM0KG004764
    Stock: P1M0341
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-11-2025

    • 82,430 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 21 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Stearns Ford (163 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Burlington, NC / 163 miles away from Columbia, SC

    2019 Volvo S60 T6 R-DesignALL OF OUR VEHICLES THAT ARE LESS THAN 5 YEARS OLD AND LESS THAN 80,000 MILES COME WITH OUR MOTOR TREND CERTIFIED PROGRAM. W...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRA22TM8KG014460
    Stock: P7511A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

    • 50,310 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 21 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Classic Ford of Columbia (6 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbia, SC / 6 miles away from Columbia, SC

    Osmium Grey MetallicSun/MoonroofLeather SeatsNavigation SystemLane Keeping AssistKeyless StartBluetooth ConnectionAll Wheel DriveCharcoal; R-Design Na...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRA22TM6KG006759
    Stock: KG006759
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2022

  • New Listing
    • 73,265 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 21 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CT to SC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Hartford, CT / 699 miles away from Columbia, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRA22TM9KG015424
    Stock: 27019751
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $17,950
    great price
    $3,452 below market
    • 34,006 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 25 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Budget Car Sales of Tifton (234 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Tifton, GA / 234 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV140MTL2J2460629
    Stock: 9026DW
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-05-2025

  • New Listing
    • 28,562 miles
    • 25 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Cool Springs (351 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Franklin, TN / 351 miles away from Columbia, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: LYV402HK4HB126783
    Stock: 27066431
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 87,170 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 25 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Wilmington (182 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Wilmington, NC / 182 miles away from Columbia, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV126MFL7H2432000
    Stock: 27574316
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 65,589 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, rental vehicle
    • 21 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Main Street Motors (315 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Gainesville, FL / 315 miles away from Columbia, SC

    Clean Car Fax Prio Certified Pre Owned R Design Advanced Package Bower and Wilkins Premium Sound Park Assist Pilot 19"5 Triple Spoke Black Alloy Wheel...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRA22TM7KG017060
    Stock: 3091
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

    • 41,710 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Audi Columbia (2 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Columbia, SC / 2 miles away from Columbia, SC

    Odometer is 2679 miles below market average!2021 Volvo S60 T5 Momentum Well Maintained, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, ABS brakes, Alloy wheels, Anti-whiplash f...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JR102FZ5MG112569
    Stock: AP2598B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-04-2025

  • Stock photo**
    • 126,034 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • iAuto (397 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Cincinnati, OH / 397 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JR102FK6KG013680
    Stock: M013680_1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-07-2024

  • Price Drop
    • 72,554 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 25 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Audi Jacksonville (262 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Jacksonville, FL / 262 miles away from Columbia, SC

    Used For Sale Near Me. 2017 Volvo S60 Osmium Gray Metallic T5 Dynamic AWD Automatic with Geartronic Drive-E 2.0L I4 16V Turbocharged ** Best Color For...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: YV140MTL3H2426922
    Stock: H2426922C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-10-2025

  • New Listing
    Photos not available
    • 47,202 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 24 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • Team1One Nissan of Albertville (298 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Albertville, AL / 298 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    28 Combined MPG (24 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JR102FK2KG016527
    Stock: KG016527
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-19-2025

  • New Listing
    • 41,190 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 25 City / 36 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Bradenton (469 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Brandenton, FL / 469 miles away from Columbia, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    29 Combined MPG (25 City/36 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: LYV402HK2HB136633
    Stock: 27315754
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 32,919 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • Versatile Collection (184 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Alpharetta, GA / 184 miles away from Columbia, SC

    BEST PRICE IN TOWN - INSCRIPTION LUXURY TECH PACKAGE - NAVIGATION - BLIND SPOT MONITORS - LANE KEEP ASSIST - COLLISION ALERT WARNING - PANORAMIC GLASS...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JR102FL6MG118912
    Stock: t118912
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 50,129 miles
    • 22 City / 33 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax Columbia (6 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Columbia, SC / 6 miles away from Columbia, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JR102TZ8MG109301
    Stock: 27287184
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 34,832 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 23 City / 34 Hwy MPG
    • 95 Motors (372 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Upgraded Headlights
    • Blind Spot Monitorin...
    Close

    Located in Dumfries, VA / 372 miles away from Columbia, SC

    It is the consumer's sole responsibility to verify the existence and condition of any equipment listed. 95 MOTORS is not responsible for misprints on ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JR102FK7MG081179
    Stock: NTY2016
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 27,000 miles
    • Insurance loss reported, 2 owners, personal use
    • 21 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Huffmans Auto Sales (426 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Mount Pleasant, PA / 426 miles away from Columbia, SC

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRA22TL3KG004488
    Stock: 35034
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • New Listing
    • 81,177 miles
    • 21 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IA to SC*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Urbandale, IA / 865 miles away from Columbia, SC

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRA22TK7KG011483
    Stock: 26955301
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 70,176 miles
    • 21 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 681 miles away from Columbia, SC

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    25 Combined MPG (21 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 7JRA22TK1KG006733
    Stock: 2003835560
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

Showing 64 - 84 out of 912 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Volvo S60

Read recent reviews for the Volvo S60
Overall Consumer Rating
3.6 out of 5 stars21 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 21 reviews
  • 5 star
    (57%)
  • 4 star
    (10%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (5%)
  • 1 star
    (29%)
5 out of 5 stars

The Total Package

Paisa Surfer, 04/22/2019
2019 Volvo S60 T5 R-Design 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A)
The all new S60 is a wonderful ride, satisfying and sure-footed. So many features come as standard equipment that are only available as upgrades in its competitors (BMW 3 series, Audi A4, AR Giulia, MB C-class), like for example paddle shifters and blind spot monitoring. And the premium package includes equipment that would cost much more in the other brands. My wife and I traded in … our 2017 S60 Inscription for this new R-Design, and this is her daily driver, so we can make a fair comparison to the prior model, which we think is a wonderful automobile. What we notice first about the 2019 model is that Volvo listened to its owners and responded with greater attention to details, like for instance the seat memory buttons. In the 2016, you would have to hold the memory button down while the seat moved to its position (yes, I know, a tedious First-World problem). In the 2019, one press of the button and the seat re-positions (along with the mirrors), letting you do other stuff to get ready and going. The stereo system (600 watts Harmon-Kardon with 14 speakers) is vastly improved and can stand up to just about any other sound system in the segment. The leather seats and the bolstering are incredible and having nappa leather seating hands down is so much nicer than having the chemical odor of faux leather so pervasive in the BMW 3 and Mercedes C classes. The T5 power plant is superb. With butter smooth shifting, almost no turbo lag, and more than enough horses and torque to get up and go, the punchy response and acceleration will please most around town drivers--and the car MOVES gracefully on the highway. The S60 is not large, but feels solid and connected to the road at low and high speeds. Comfort and interior styling get an A+. A tall adult will fit fine in the back seat, having far more leg room than in the BMW 3 series and far more headroom than the MB CLA. The standard panorama sunroof is also a nice feature you won't find as standard equipment in the competition. Even though some criticism has been raised about the large touch screen control interface, it is not an burdensome learning curve to become adept at interacting with the car. Having both Apple CarPlay and Android Auto are also new standard features we really missed in the 2017 model. We do not find the steering to be lackluster or detached from the road at all (as some critics have said), the car is whisper quiet, the suspension and 18 inch wheels soak up urban highways without an issues (also contrary to some reviews), and driver visibility and driving confidence are superb. If you are looking for a compact luxury ride (although it is hard to imagine the S60 as compact), we encourage you to put the S60 on your test drive list. It is uniquely Volvo, like nothing else on the road, a driver's car while at the same time an executive's show horse. Volvo has definitely arrived in the small luxury sedan line-up with a car that meets and exceeds the competition in so many ways. This is a car that lets you run in the pack without running with the pack.
Report abuse

Used 2019 Volvo S60 in Columbia, SC Values

Estimated values
2019 Volvo S60 T5 Inscription 4dr Sedan (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$16,700$19,027$21,098
Clean$16,280$18,537$20,545
Average$15,579$17,722$19,622
Rough$14,668$16,663$18,423

The average list price of a used 2019 Volvo S60 in Columbia, South Carolina is $21,955. The average mileage on a used Volvo S60 2019 for sale in Columbia, South Carolina is 56,279. Based on the average mileage of 56,279 for used 2019 Volvo S60 for sale in Columbia, SC and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Volvo S60 2019 in Columbia, South Carolina to be $15,579.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.