Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
665 listings
  • New Listing
    $18,998
    fair price
    $672 below market
    • 86,446 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to OH*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Inglewood, CA / 2,055 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDA5JB7JB170658
    Stock: 27527403
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 43,275 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Portland, OR / 2,056 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Navigation System,Remote Start,S...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4KE8LA082476
    Stock: LA082476P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 75,590 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from IL to OH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Schaumburg, IL / 332 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (18 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDA5HB0JB009123
    Stock: 26471845
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 16,895 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to OH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Stockbridge, GA / 566 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4KB1LA162269
    Stock: 26860846
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 17,961 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to OH*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Ontario, CA / 2,010 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4JB2LA159477
    Stock: 27595003
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 41,744 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to OH*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 440 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4JB5LA118664
    Stock: 27292713
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 24,175 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Lexus of Ann Arbor (123 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Ann Arbor, MI / 123 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4KBXLA292082
    Stock: 102001C
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

    • 19,638 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 1,023 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4KB5LA259166
    Stock: 2003893159
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

  • New Listing
    $29,998
    fair price
    $314 above market
    • 55,368 miles
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NV to OH*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Las Vegas, NV / 1,832 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4JE8LA283439
    Stock: 27593884
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $32,998
    fair price
    $1,064 below market
    • 44,634 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to OH*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Pleasanton, CA / 2,135 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4JB2LA211318
    Stock: 27594669
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 23,912 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to OH*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Daytona Beach, FL / 850 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDA5JB8JB135336
    Stock: 27495086
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 52,474 miles
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from GA to OH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Lithia Springs, GA / 555 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4KE8LA096832
    Stock: 27360745
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 67,734 miles
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from AL to OH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Huntsville, AL / 539 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4KE3LA098049
    Stock: 27370540
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $28,998
    fair price
    $1,318 above market
    • 26,380 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to OH*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Roseville, CA / 2,081 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDA5JB7JB000106
    Stock: 27006842
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 22,925 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 20 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from FL to OH*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Jensen Beach, FL / 987 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (20 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4JB0LA218543
    Stock: 27292069
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 98,548 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Maplewood, MN / 636 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Sunroof / Moonroof,WiFi Hotspot,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,7-Sp...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (18 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDA5HBXJB087974
    Stock: JB087974A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 57,379 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to OH*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Oxnard, CA / 2,087 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDA5JB5JB178449
    Stock: 27586670
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 61,751 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from LA to OH*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Kenner, LA / 925 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    19 Combined MPG (18 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDA5HBXJB165508
    Stock: 27075093
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 81,065 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 19 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Germain Honda of Dublin (120 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Dublin, OH / 120 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    on this Vehicle:DESIRABLE FEATURES: This sought-after used 2020 Mercedes-Benz GLE 4MATIC features: NAVIGATION, AWD, MOONROOF, DRIVER ATTENTION MONITOR...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGFB4KE3LA076116
    Stock: H252810A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 64,312 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Memphis, TN / 626 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDA5JB9JB089774
    Stock: 2003885341
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-12-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 55,596 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 18 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    Close

    Located in Sacramento, CA / 2,097 miles away from Cleveland, OH

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    20 Combined MPG (18 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 4JGDA5JB1JB143181
    Stock: 2003892304
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-18-2025

Showing 106 - 126 out of 665 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class

Read recent reviews for the Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class
Overall Consumer Rating
4.3 out of 5 stars28 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 28 reviews
  • 5 star
    (61%)
  • 4 star
    (21%)
  • 3 star
    (7%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (4%)
2 out of 5 stars

Several frustrating issues, constantly in the shop

DF, 03/05/2019
2018 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class AMG GLE 43 4MATIC 4dr SUV AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo 9A)
I do like the overall appearance and performance of the car. However, this car has been in for (mostly minor) repairs several times. The 3rd day I drove the car (brand new) there was a mechanical failure and it was in the shop for over a week. That was fixed and then I noticed the heating steering wheel did not work. I have taken it in 2-3 times and the steering wheel is not able to be … fixed. Now for the last few months the Low Coolant Warning has been coming on. I took the car in and they topped it off but this didn’t fix the warning alert. I realize these are all minor issues, but with a new $85k+ car I did not expect to be in the shop so often, especially with problems that are not resolved. Also, the remote start does not work with this car. They should not advertise remote start if it does not work. After less than a year of owning the car it needed entirely new brakes and rotors, over $3000. I am not an aggressive driver and I drive on flat land and rarely exceed 60 mph. I didn’t understand why this was necessary but was told it was common due to the driving features. This didn’t seem correct to me because cars I’ve had in the past didn’t have this issue so early. I eventually traded the car after about a year. It was in the service department overnight on 5-6 different occasions, one time for an entire week. I felt like I was driving a loaner more than my own car. I would not recommend anyone purchase this vehicle.
Report abuse

Used 2018 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class in Cleveland, OH Values

Estimated values
2018 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class GLE 350 4dr SUV (3.5L 6cyl 7A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$17,820$20,700$23,070
Clean$17,386$20,185$22,483
Average$16,663$19,326$21,503
Rough$15,723$18,209$20,231

The average list price of a used 2018 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class in Cleveland, Ohio is $31,116. The average mileage on a used Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class 2018 for sale in Cleveland, Ohio is 49,419. Based on the average mileage of 49,419 for used 2018 Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class for sale in Cleveland, OH and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class 2018 in Cleveland, Ohio to be $16,663.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.