Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
438 listings
  • New Listing
    • 42,914 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Bayer Chevrolet (455 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Breckenridge, TX / 455 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Priced below KBB Fair Purchase Price. CARFAX One-Owner. Crystal White Tricoat 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport Platinum 4WD 10-Speed Automatic with Ov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL1MR486595
    Stock: B3834
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-22-2025

  • $38,492
    fair price
    $121 below market
    • 84,800 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 1,312 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,3rd Row Seat,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Entertainment System,Hands-Free Liftgate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKJXKR254564
    Stock: ZA9254564F
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 68,697 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Dallas (464 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 464 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKLXMR370487
    Stock: 2003729843
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

    • 81,481 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Excellence Auto Direct (463 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Euless, TX / 463 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Excellence Auto Direct is proud to present you with another True Market Priced Pre-Owned Vehicle. This 2019 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium is loaded wi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4JKJ0KR243650
    Stock: 243650
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

    • 130,120 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • RK Autos (311 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 311 miles away from McAllen, TX

    RK MOTORS 15006 Stuebner Airline Rd Houston, TX 77069(8**) 4**-6***https://www.rkmotors1.com/

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ3KR129148
    Stock: 129148
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-15-2025

    • 83,016 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 22 Hwy MPG
    • Ally Auto Group (475 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Addison, TX / 475 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Drives great, Fully Loaded, Rear seat entertainment, Family friendly, Non-smoker owner, Smooth ride

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/22 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3HKJ3HR141909
    Stock: 141909
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 35,183 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • AutoNation Ford South Fort Worth (450 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 450 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Night VisionAssist Steps; Power-Retractable With Perimeter LightingConsole RefrigeratorPanoramic RoofDark Mocha MetallicLeather SeatsNavigation ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4MKL9MR256287
    Stock: MR256287
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

    • 36,394 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Planet Lincoln (317 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Spring, TX / 317 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Come by today to see this one in person. Soft and luxurious leather seating. Call ASAP! This one won't last long. Easy to use navigation system in...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKL3MR264690
    Stock: SL0447A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-05-2025

    • 84,173 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Driveline Motorcars (473 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Farmers Branch, TX / 473 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Black Raven 2017 Cadillac Escalade ESV Platinum Edition 4WD 8-Speed Automatic Vortec 6.2L V8 SIDI 4WD.Driver Assist Package (Adaptive Full-Speed Ran...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKJ9HR314827
    Stock: HR314827
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-27-2025

    • 100,423 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 1,233 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ1KR354555
    Stock: 2003681202
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-07-2025

    • 55,193 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Park Place Motorcars Fort Worth a Mercedes-Benz Dealer (450 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Fort Worth, TX / 450 miles away from McAllen, TX

    RECALL NOTICE: Some vehicles offered for sale may be subject to unrepaired manufacturer safety recalls. To determine the recall status of a vehicle, v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4PKL8MR296197
    Stock: PMF250697A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

    • 72,644 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 1,294 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ8KR109395
    Stock: 2003636194
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

    • 55,994 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana - Dallas (464 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 464 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3KKL8MR369610
    Stock: 2003670567
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-26-2025

    • 93,611 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 15 City / 20 Hwy MPG
    • Bayway Cadillac Southwest (290 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 290 miles away from McAllen, TX

    This 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium is loaded with the following Factory Options:Performance Package (Electronic Limited-Slip Differential, Hitch ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (15 City/20 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3KKL8MR221652
    Stock: S250887A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-02-2025

  • New Listing
    • 50,471 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Van Hyundai (474 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Carrollton, TX / 474 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Command the Road with the 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport: Where Luxury Meets Performance in a Bold Black Raven FinishExperience the ultimate blen...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4PKL2MR493656
    Stock: MR493656
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

    • 112,933 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Sky Rides Automotive (295 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 295 miles away from McAllen, TX

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3JKJ0KR263531
    Stock: 263531SK
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 100,171 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Grand Rapids, MI / 1,358 miles away from McAllen, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4HKJ5KR178304
    Stock: 2003658550
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-24-2025

    • 147,029 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Silver Star Motors (439 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Third-row seating
    Close

    Located in Midlothian, TX / 439 miles away from McAllen, TX

    2019 Cadillac Escalade ESV V8 RWD Luxury Collection Texas Owner! Powered by a 6.2L Vortec V8 engine and accompanied with automatic transmission. This ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: Yes

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS3GKJ5KR335679
    Stock: 335679
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-11-2025

    • 57,720 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Tom Peacock Cadillac (313 mi away)
    • Five Star Dealer
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Houston, TX / 313 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Tom Peacock Cadillac is proud to present you with another True Market Priced Pre-Owned Vehicle . This 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport Platinum is loa...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4RKLXMR303114
    Stock: C250792A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-14-2025

    • 91,976 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 19 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Boutique Texas (290 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Alvin, TX / 290 miles away from McAllen, TX

    Auto Boutique is proud to offer excellent, pre-owned vehicles. With our no haggle pricing policy you can be sure you are getting the best deal possibl...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    16 Combined MPG (14 City/19 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4MKL0MR377693
    Stock: T24901
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-02-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 31,820 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 7 Seats, 14 City / 21 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from CA to TX*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Palmdale, CA / 1,317 miles away from McAllen, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    17 Combined MPG (14 City/21 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: 1GYS4KKJ3KR257113
    Stock: 27493385
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 43 - 63 out of 438 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Cadillac Escalade ESV

Read recent reviews for the Cadillac Escalade ESV
Overall Consumer Rating
3.1 out of 5 stars27 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 27 reviews
  • 5 star
    (41%)
  • 4 star
    (7%)
  • 3 star
    (11%)
  • 2 star
    (4%)
  • 1 star
    (37%)
5 out of 5 stars

My dream vehicle!

Cindy W., 01/28/2020
2018 Cadillac Escalade ESV Premium Luxury 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 10A)
If you're looking for a great ride, a ton of bells and whistles and a stylish vehicle, you're going to love owning an Escalade. This SUV has everything, hiding spots for your belongings, USB ports everywhere, 120v plugin, a ton of Bose speakers and so much more. The camera system is amazing! When I flip up my rear view mirror I see traffic behind me. When I pull into my garage I … still get the 360 view to make sure that I'm over enough and in far enough. My only issue, and this is a me issue is that this is sooo much bigger than the Tahoe I came from. This one is a beast ;o) so I'm having problems pulling into parking spots still, but with time, I'm sure that I'll nail it.
Report abuse

Used 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV in McAllen, TX Values

Estimated values
2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport Platinum 4dr SUV 4WD (6.2L 8cyl 10A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$49,746$52,959$56,177
Clean$48,969$52,118$55,271
Average$47,674$50,717$53,760
Rough$45,990$48,895$51,796

The average list price of a used 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV in McAllen, Texas is $48,733. The average mileage on a used Cadillac Escalade ESV 2021 for sale in McAllen, Texas is 76,989. Based on the average mileage of 76,989 for used 2021 Cadillac Escalade ESV for sale in McAllen, TX and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Cadillac Escalade ESV 2021 in McAllen, Texas to be $47,674.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius500 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.