Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
31 listings
  • $30,990
    fair price
    $124 above market
    • 59,759 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 498 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU8DAF8XKN016400
    Stock: 2003714518
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 62,186 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Buffalo, NY / 1,699 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU8DAF89KN019739
    Stock: 2003842324
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-25-2025

    • 51,279 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use
    • 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Dallas, TX / 999 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU8DAF8XKN004795
    Stock: 2003776589
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

    • 61,391 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 15 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 1,219 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU8EAF89KN023996
    Stock: 2003664697
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • New Listing
    • 51,071 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 19 City / 27 Hwy MPG
    • Shamrock Group (28 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Pleasant Grove, UT / 28 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Shamrock Auto Group we aren't loud....WE'RE SIMPLE!! We go ABOVE & BEYOND making sure all of our cars are not just fully INSPECTED and SERVICED but...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/27 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU8DAF86KN011663
    Stock: 011663
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-21-2025

  • Price Drop
    $44,990
    good price
    $4,066 below market
    • 24,503 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 15 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Charlotte, NC / 1,726 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU8EAF89LN003426
    Stock: 2003872554
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-08-2025

    • 55,700 miles
    • Rebuilt vehicle reported, 3 owners, personal use
    • 19 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Auto Market (38 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Provo, UT / 38 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    Financing available!!!-3 Month / 3,000 Mile warranty included-0 Accidents2018 Audi A8, 3.0L Supercharged V6, 333HP, 55,700 Miles.ABS 4-wheel, Audi con...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU44AFDXJN000286
    Stock: AMP-000286
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-06-2024

  • New Listing
    • 28,781 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 17 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from NC to UT*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Raleigh, NC / 1,817 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (17 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU8DAF84LN013199
    Stock: 27138531
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    • 66,056 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 15 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 1,577 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU8EAF83LN002742
    Stock: 2003709269
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-06-2025

  • New Listing
    $46,590
    fair price
    $627 below market
    • 20,277 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 17 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Tampa, FL / 1,885 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (17 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU8DAF89MN017721
    Stock: 2003740050
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-29-2025

  • New Listing
    $43,590
    fair price
    $254 above market
    • 28,334 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 17 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 498 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (17 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU8DAF82MN006625
    Stock: 2003861243
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-09-2025

    • 82,646 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 19 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 582 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,High Demand,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heads-Up Display,Heate...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU44AFD5HN011139
    Stock: A5000448-1
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $50,590
    fair price
    $862 below market
    • 36,257 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 15 City / 23 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 1,836 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    18 Combined MPG (15 City/23 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU8EAF88MN016766
    Stock: 2003903931
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-22-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 106,321 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Maplewood, MN / 979 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,Rare Find,Back-Up Camera,Blind Spot Monitor,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (18 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU43AFD3HN018996
    Stock: HN018996A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 56,620 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 19 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 498 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU44AFD5HN020214
    Stock: 2003655756
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-23-2025

    • 68,832 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, rental vehicle
    • 19 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    Close

    Located in Oklahoma City, OK / 861 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU44AFD9HN011600
    Stock: 2003770812
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-30-2025

    • 79,268 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 18 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Cleveland, OH / 1,564 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (18 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU43AFD5HN010611
    Stock: 2003437014
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-23-2025

  • New Listing
    • 36,177 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 17 City / 26 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Coral Springs, FL / 2,066 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    High Demand,Rare Find,Apple CarPlay,Back-Up Camera,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Hands-Free Liftgate,Heated Seats,Keyless Start,Leather Seats,Navigation Syst...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    21 Combined MPG (17 City/26 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU8DAF81MN032357
    Stock: TDMN032357
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $39,499
    great price
    $6,638 below market
    • 50,319 miles
    • 19 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Mercedes-Benz of Salt Lake City (1 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 1 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    New Price! Clean CARFAX. Firmament Blue Metallic 2022 Audi A8 L 55 quattro quattro 8-Speed Automatic with Tiptronic 3.0L V6 Turbocharged DOHC 24V LEV3...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAULDAF8XNN000678
    Stock: 1M5209B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-11-2025

  • Price Drop
    $43,990
    fair price
    $1,667 below market
    • 47,630 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 19 City / 28 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Buffalo, NY / 1,699 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (19 City/28 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAULDAF88NN009072
    Stock: 2003742375
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-18-2025

  • Price Drop
    • 76,241 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use
    • 18 City / 29 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Heated seats
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Atlanta, GA / 1,577 miles away from Salt Lake City, UT

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    22 Combined MPG (18 City/29 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WAU43AFD0GN014287
    Stock: 2003890699
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-15-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 31 listings

Consumer Reviews for the Audi A8

Read recent reviews for the Audi A8
Overall Consumer Rating
3.3 out of 5 stars11 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 11 reviews
  • 5 star
    (45%)
  • 4 star
    (9%)
  • 3 star
    (0%)
  • 2 star
    (18%)
  • 1 star
    (27%)
1 out of 5 stars

Too Many Issues to be Audi's Flagship

C. R., 01/12/2023
2019 Audi A8 L 3.0 TFSI quattro 4dr Sedan AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo gas/electric hybrid 8A)
We purchased a CPO 2019 Audi A8 with 32,000 miles. In the first 16 months of ownership our car has been in the Audi Dealership 82 days. Even after 82 days in the shop we have a return visit schedule to address outstanding items. We continue to have brake issues with no resolution from Audi. If you don't want a car with a lot of service issues this is not the car for you. This is also my … 4th Audi and far worse than any of my other A6's. Don't get be wrong the car is beautiful but is it worth all the hassle, probably not. 11/4/22 – 12/22/22 48 DAYS 8/18/22 - 8/29/22 13 DAYS 2/25/22 - 3/7/22 10 DAYS 1/14/22 – 1/20/22 6 DAYS 12/29/21 - 1/3/22 5 DAYS Total 82 Days
Report abuse

Used 2019 Audi A8 in Salt Lake City, UT Values

Estimated values
2019 Audi A8 L 3.0 TFSI quattro 4dr Sedan AWD (3.0L 6cyl Turbo gas/electric mild hybrid 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$26,004$30,122$33,808
Clean$25,252$29,218$32,756
Average$24,000$27,711$31,002
Rough$22,371$25,751$28,722

The average list price of a used 2019 Audi A8 in Salt Lake City, Utah is $35,168. The average mileage on a used Audi A8 2019 for sale in Salt Lake City, Utah is 54,745. Based on the average mileage of 54,745 for used 2019 Audi A8 for sale in Salt Lake City, UT and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used Audi A8 2019 in Salt Lake City, Utah to be $24,000.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius200 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.